Otto Braun (27 JuneIn the preface of his mother Lily Braun's autobiography published in 1908, Memoirs of a Socialist. Lehrjahre, Kampfjahre, June 24 is given as Otto Braun's birthday. In the published casualty list of the Reserve Jäger Battalion No. 21, however, June 27 is recorded as his birthday. 1897 – 29 AprilIn the published casualty list of the Reserve Jäger Battalion No. 21 lists April 27, 1918 as the date of death of Leutnant Otto Braun (1st Company). 1918) was a German poet. During his lifetime, only one poem of his was published: Nachmittag an der Bzura appeared in 1915 in the patriotic magazine Wieland, without his knowledge or consent. After World War I however, his works were published posthumously in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States, amassing popularity and even becoming a bestseller in Germany. He was praised by authors such as Rudolf Borchardt, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Rudolf Alexander Schröder.
Biography Early life
The only son born of journalist, writer and social democratic women's rights activist Lily Braun and the social democratic politician and publicist Heinrich Braun, Otto was considered a "child prodigy" and admired the poet Stefan George.Arno Orzessek: He was allowed to die in the sea of fire. In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur, February 13, 2014, on: deutschlandfunkkultur.de
After initially attending school in Berlin, from April 1907 to the end of September 1908 he attended the Landerziehungsheim Freie Schulgemeinde in Wickersdorf near Saalfeld in the Thuringian Forest,Schülerverzeichnis der Freien Schulgemeinde Wickersdorf. In: Archiv der deutschen Jugendbewegung, Burg Ludwigstein near Witzenhausen in Hesse, where he became friends with his classmate , three and a half years his senior. Introverted from a young age, Braun stood out due to his extraordinary erudition. This gave his adult contemporaries the impression of an "overbearing precociousness."Ein altkluger Jüngling an der Front. In: Die Welt, on: welt.deDorothee Wierling: Eine Familie im Krieg. Living, dying and writing 1914-1918. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2013. , p. 17. During this boarding school stay, he became involved in the simmering conflict between principal Paul Geheeb and the spiritus rector of the country school, Gustav Wyneken. The resulting everyday tensions caused the young Braun a large amount of trouble. When he took up with Geheeb's position, Wyneken regarded Braun as an opponent and treated him accordingly. He suffered from mood swings, isolating himself from his classmates and retreating into solitude, where he developed poems as well as fantasies.Peter Dudek: "You are and remain the old abstract ideologue!" The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875-1864) - A biography. Publisher Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017. , pp. 120-122. On 6 February 1908, Braun characterized Wyneken in a letter to his mother as the "embodiment of all intrigue".Julie Braun-Vogelstein: Otto Braun.From the posthumous writings of a prematurely accomplished man. Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1921, p. 21. He also reported that Wyneken chose certain favorites among the male students whom he preferred.Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller: Wyneken, Gustav. In: Volkmar Sigusch, Günter Grau (Eds.): Personenlexikon der Sexualforschung. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, , pp. 788-792 (citation: p. 790).
In Gustav Wyneken's estate in the Archive of the German Youth Movement, a copy of Otto Braun's posthumous lyrical works and diaries published in 1919 were later found. In it, Wyneken had commented in handwriting: "It is significant that so much fuss is being made about this book, as it is ideally suited as an example of mediocrity... Open any page! G. W."Peter Dudek: "Versuchsacker für eine neue Jugend" - Die Freie Schulgemeinde Wickersdorf 1906-1945.Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, , p. 184.
Braun found the lack of time and peace for his self-study unbearable during his time at boarding school.Julie Braun-Vogelstein (ed.): Otto Braun.From the posthumous writings of a prematurely accomplished man. Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1921, p. 297. On September 2, 1908, he wrote to his mother:
In the same month, he attempted to escape from the boarding school, but this attempt ended at the train station in Saalfeld.Peter Dudek: "You are and remain the old abstract ideologue!" The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875-1964). A biography. Julius Klinkhardt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6, p. 119ff. This cry for help reached his parents, who then deregistered him from the Freie Schulgemeinde. Lily Braun personally picked up her son from there. In Spandau near Berlin, he began attending the Königliches Gymnasium before finally being taught by personal tutors.Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, Nicolai Clarus: Mann für Mann. Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte von Freundesliebe und mannmännlicher Sexualität im deutschen Sprachraum, Part 1 (= Sozialwissenschaftliche Studien zur Homosexualität, ed. v. Rüdiger Lautmann). LIT Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-6431-0693-3, pp. 193, 1134, 1233, 1302.
The seeds of a poet
His parents and teachers thought he was highly gifted. Therefore, Dr. Joseph Petzoldt, head teacher at the Königliches Gymnasium zu Spandau and private lecturer at the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg, author of Sonderschulen für hervorragend Befähigte,Joseph Petzoldt: Sonderschulen für hervorragend Befähigte. Teubner, Leipzig and Berlin 1905. (Reprint 2018: ISBN 978-0-3643-2257-4) applied to the Ministry of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs on December 8, 1909, at the to be partially released from teaching duties and entrusted with the private instruction of the then twelve-year-old pupil. Petzoldt had personally convinced himself through several hours of discussions and careful reading of several of Braun's works "[...] that his talent was in no way overestimated, indeed that it is quite astonishing and wonderful." He reported that Otto Braun had already learned Middle High German in order to be able to read the Germanic heroic songs in the original, and Greek for the sake of the Pre-Socratics. Petzoldt's application met with incomprehension from the authorities and was rejected on March 17, 1910.Julie Braun-Vogelstein: Otto Braun. From the posthumous writings of a prematurely accomplished man. Bruno Cassirer Verlag, Berlin 1920
Even as a child, Otto Braun frequented the home of the painter and salonnière Sabine Lepsius and her husband, the Impressionist portrait painter Reinhold Lepsiusm which gave him access to the Berlin George-Kreis. Both were friends with Käthe Kollwitz, as was his mother Lily.Yury Winterberg, Sonya Winterberg: Kollwitz. The Biography. C. Bertelsmann, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-570-10202-2, p. 90. Lily Braun exchanged ideas with Käthe Kollwitz about her own and her two sons Hans and .Sven Felix Kellerhoff: Heimatfront. Der Untergang der heilen Welt - Deutschland im Ersten Weltkrieg. Bastei Lübbe, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8387-5621-9. Together with Stefan Lepsius (1897–1917), who was the same age and owed his first name to his admiration of Stefan George, they were privately tutored by Herman Schmalenbach. In July 1914, Braun came into contact with the sociologist and national economist Alfred Weber and his students in Heidelberg, as well as with the national economist and writer , the later wife of Friedrich Gundolf.George-Jahrbuch, Volume 11, 2016/17. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-1104-7833-4, pp. 199-208.
The Great War
After the German Empire declared war on August 1, 1914, he enlisted as a 17-year-old in September 1914. As a dispatch rider in the replacement escadron of the Jäger-Regiment zu Pferde Nr. 4, which belonged to the XVII. Armee-Korps of the 8. Armee, the Fahnenjunker was initially deployed on the Eastern Front in Poland. There in 1915, amidst the dirt of the trenches, he wrote in his diary: "It is just so wonderfully beautiful, beautiful, beautiful, despite the horror of what I have just seen here". He underlined the adjective "beautiful", which he repeated three times. On August 5, 1915, he wrote to his parents in a field post letter: "At eight o'clock we entered Warsaw with the division. It was a rush that cannot be described". On August 13, 1915, he reported to his parents: "What I have gained in experience in every respect during this short period of real war! I notice that certain important aspects of a person can only be clearly recognized in the fire, where many things fall away and strange things emerge".Julie Braun-Vogelstein: Otto Braun. From the posthumous writings of a prematurely accomplished man. Bruno Cassirer Verlag, Berlin 1920, pp. 144, 145.
After being seriously wounded in the arm in 1916, he worked for about a year in the military office of the Auswärtiges Amt.Death notice for Leutnant Otto Braun, Ritter des Eisernen Kreuzes II. Klasse, im Namen des Offizierskorps, v. Diepow, Hauptmann und Kommandeur des Res.-Jäger-Bat. 21. In: Vossische Zeitung, morning edition, May 7, 1918. On the side, he attended an officer training course in Döberitz. During this time, Braun came into contact with the authors Rudolf Borchardt and Friedrich Gundolf. Borchardt subsequently became Braun's mentor, to whom he also submitted his early literary works for review and assessment. Braun unilaterally fell in love with the Berlin dancer and actress Katta Sterna, a niece of Käthe Kollwitz, but Borchardt finally managed to dissuade Braun from this unpromising love affair during a heated conversation,Peter Sprengel: Rudolf Borchardt: Der Herr der Worte. C. H. Beck, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-4066-8207-0, because she was in a relationship with .
From November 13 to December 12, 1917, Otto Braun was accommodated in the military hospital in Schloss Neubeuern through the mediation of Lieutenant Colonel Herwarth von Bittenfeld, where he signed the guest book, which has been preserved. There, from November 13 to 16, 1917, he met Hélène Johanna Rosina "Puppie" van de Velde (1899–1935), the daughter of the Weimar-based Belgian architect and designer Henry van de Velde.Entry in the guest book of Neubeuern Castle, Volume VI, from November 1917: "Puppie met an old Wickersdorfer after 10 years, you have to go to Neubeuern for that. It was nice! 23-26.11.17, Puppie van de Velde" About ten years earlier, she had been his classmate at the ‘’Freie Schulgemeinde Wickersdorf‘’. When he then met Karin (1898–1920) at the castle, the daughter of the art historian and entrepreneur Eberhard von Bodenhausen, who was considered mentally unstable in her own family, he was impressed by her and fell in love. Her father was the brother-in-law of the lady of the castle, Julie Freifrau von Wendelstadt (1871–1942), née Countess Degenfeld-Schonburg. In order to keep Karin close to his family, he tried to place her as a nurse in the Oskar-Helene-Heim in Dahlem near Berlin via his father.Dorothee Wierling: Eine Familie im Krieg. Living, dying and writing 1914-1918. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2013. ISBN 978-3-8353-1301-9, pp. 343-351. In December 1917, however, he had to realize that Karin von Bodenhausen had only been playing with him, and described this in a disillusioned two-stanza poem.Julie Braun-Vogelstein: Otto Braun.From the posthumous writings of a prematurely accomplished man. Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1922, p. 239.