Brankov (feminine: Brankova) is a patronymic surname of South Slavic origin, meaning "child of Branko". Notable people with the surname include:
Plamen Brankov (born 1949), Bulgarian water polo player Slavko Brankov (1951–2006), Croatian actor Tena Nemet Brankov (born 1994), Croatian actress Zhana Bergendorff (née Brankova; born 1985), Bulgarian singer and songwriter