Amendingen (Swabian: Aumadenga) is a district and parish village of the independent city of Memmingen in Bavaria. The first settlement dates back to before 233. The village was first documented in 1180 and belonged to the rule of the Knights of Eisenburg until 1455. From 1475, the village was divided among various ruling dynasties and monasteries. In 1803 the present parish was established with the Imperial Delegation.
Amendingen was an independent municipality from 1805 until it was incorporated into Memmingen in 1972. With a population of over 3700, Amendingen is the largest district after Memmingen. The former parish village is best known for its baroque St. Ulrich's Church and the northern industrial park, which is largely located on Amendingen's land.
Geography
Location The district of Amendingen in Memmingen is located on the western edge of the Memminger Ach. The village is located north of Memmingen's city center and has grown together with it. Most of the northern industrial area is located in the north of Amendingen.
Climate Amendingen's average annual temperature and precipitation are about average for the temperate climate, with precipitation usually slightly higher and minimum temperatures slightly lower. The Memminger Ach, which flows through the village, and the nearby Weidenbach stream can cause dense fog on the fields and in the village in spring and fall. The coldest month is January with an average daily minimum temperature of −5 °C and an average daily maximum temperature of 2 °C. The warmest months are July and August with an average minimum temperature of 12 °C and an average maximum temperature of 24 °C.
Geology
The subsoil consists of a layer of loess about one meter thick, under which lies about 20 meters of crushed stone. The valley floor to the east of the community consists of alpine soilThe street names of Memmingen in 1970 below Kalchstraße: Since time immemorial, Kalch has been used to describe the yellowish-white alpine soil that is found in the Memmingen valley as a 3-meter-deep subsoil between Stadtbach and Haienbach. Here you can find the Kalch or limestone under a thin layer of humus. and underlying peat deposits, occasionally mixed with gravel and gray-black sand. In particular, the regulated course of the Memminger Ach marks the approximate boundary between alpine soil and gravel. At the edge of the valley, there is a tertiary deposit that favors the abundant occurrence of springs down to Heimertingen.
History
Early history (until the 8th century AD) During the Roman Empire, the road from Kempten (Allgäu) (Cambodunum) to Kellmünz (Caelius Mons) probably ran through the Amendingen district. Remains of Roman walls were repeatedly discovered in the town area during several new buildings and renovations. In 1943 and 1954, remains from the 2nd and 3rd century AD were discovered.Michael Dapper: Die Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen – Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende der Reichsstadt. p. 26 f. In the south of the present commune, a retired veteran probably built a manor house, a so-called villa rustica. Archaeological excavations around 1830 and in the early 1960s revealed that the courtyard covered an area of about ninety by ninety meters. It was destroyed by fire and rebuilt at least three times. Craftsmen's houses were probably also connected to the courtyard, as suggested by the discovery of a weaving weight. When the Germanic tribes first overran the Limes north of the Danube in 233, the Roman estate was probably destroyed for the first time.
The core of the village of Amendingen, southwest of the church, was probably founded in the course of the Alemannic occupation in the 5th/6th century. An Alemannic settlement route from Heimertingen to Memmingerberg, which followed the course of the Ach, may have been decisive. The old Roman road certainly also played a role in the settlement. As in Memmingen, the place name is composed of a personal name and the suffix -ing. The leader of the tribe was probably called Otmund. Later it became Otmundingen, today Amendingen. The land of the oldest village originally included parts of the Memminger Ach and the fields reclaimed from the Roman estate. During excavations by the Antiquities Society of Memmingen around 1830, a stone slab grave was found, which is now located on the south side of the Memmingen forest cemetery. Due to the lack of grave goods, it is assumed that the grave was built before the year 751, during the Merovingian period. A wall made of tuff, the same material as the burial box, was also excavated. Brick finds showed that the wall and the other finds, except the tombs, date from the Roman period. Further excavations revealed that the pagan inhabitants of Amendingen had built their graves near the destroyed Roman courtyard. The dead lay with their heads facing east. The first church in Amendingen was built around the year 800, probably as a simple wooden structure. The dead were buried in the adjacent cemetery.
Ottobeuren Abbey and property of secular lords
The Chronicon ottenburanum, a collection of copies of older documents from around 1180, mentions the village of Amendingen with all its possessions (and the people belonging to it) - villam Oumintingen cum pertinentiis suis - as an endowment in the deed of foundation of Ottobeuren Abbey. The copy reproduces the content of a document from 764, which is considered authentic but has been lost.The clergy of the chapter of Ottobeuren. From its origins to secularization, vol. IV, Memmingen 1919, p. 185-253. A document from 972 attests to a cession of territory by Ottobeuren Abbey,Anton Steichele: Archiv für die Geschichte des Bisthums Augsburg. B. Schmid, 1859, 1859, p. 16 f. Available online at Archiv für die Geschichte des Bistums Augsburg, bei Google Books. Retrieved March 29, 2010. although its authenticity is disputed.Die Urkunden Konrad I., Heinrich I. und Otto I. Bearbeitet von Theodor Sickel. Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Die Urkunden der Deutschen Könige und Kaiser 1. Hahn, Hannover 1879–1884. Retrieved August 9, 2012.Historischer Atlas von Bayern – Schwaben Reihe I Heft 4: Memmingen, p. 231. Retrieved March 29, 2010. The early 12th century copy mentions Amendingen as oppidum Oumintingen cum vico suo Trunkenesperc. In it, Emperor Otto I enfeoffed the Alemannic Duke Burchard III of Swabia with lands that the Ottobeuren monastery had ceded to the emperor in order to free him from the duties of military service, military duty and court storage. The earliest surviving written mention of Amendingen is in the Vita of St. Ulrich, written by the Augsburg cathedral provost Gerhard in 982/992, who, on his return journey from Upper Swabian Obersulmetingen to Augsburg in May 973, met with monks from the nearby monastery in Amendingen to inform them of the imperial privilege of a free abbacy.Manfred Weittlauf (Ed.): Bischof Ulrich von Augsburg – Festschrift aus Anlaß des tausendjährigen Jubiläums seiner Kanonisation im Jahre 993. Anton H. Konrad Publisher, 1993, p. 137.
Around 1200, Amendingen passed into the hands of the Knights of Eisenburg, who had taken over the military duties in the area from the Dukes of Swabia and thus became the economic center of this dominion. Ecclesiastically, the village belonged to the Rot an der Rot Abbey since 1341.Maximilian Dietrich - The district of Memmingen - p. 135. The last knight of Eisenburg sold his dominion.
Ownership of Memmingen and the Protestant-Catholic conflict In 1455, Amendingen came into the possession of the patrician family SättelinRootsweb, Stammbaum der Familie Sättelin. Retrieved March 29, 2010. from Memmingen, and later a large part of the village came into the possession of other Memmingen burghers, who are commemorated by street names (Marquard, Spichel, Waimer, Zehender). In 1580, the village, along with other places, became the property of the neighboring imperial city of Memmingen. From 1586 the city also had high jurisdiction over the village.Matthias Stroeher - Memmingen foundations - Part 2, p. 63. Twenty-one years later, in 1601, the Ulm citizen and patrician Hans Eitel Neubronner acquired the entire Eisenburg estate. The Sättelins, as citizens of Memmingen, had become Protestant during the Reformation, and the Neubronners, as their successors, had also accepted the new doctrine as citizens of Ulm. Although the lordship was now Protestant, the advocate above the lordship was Catholic. This led to differences that resulted in a treaty in 1586, thirty years after the Peace of Augsburg. Church records show that one hundred and fifty of the six hundred subjects remained Catholic. The treaty stipulated that the lords of Eisenburg could remain Protestant, but the subjects were to remain in the old Catholic religion. If they had adopted the new denomination, they were allowed to keep it for a further eight years. After that, the subjects had to return to the old religion under threat of punishment. The pastor at the time, Gallus Möslin, managed to convert most of them before the deadline expired. However, those who wanted to remain in the new faith moved to the Protestant town of Steinheim or Memmingen.
During the Reformation, the first Jews also settled in Amendingen and other places in the Eisenburg dominion, as the imperial cities did not provide them with housing. Since many of the Jews were involved in trade, there were soon minor disputes and several lawsuits between the city of Memmingen and Sebastian von Berwang as the owner of the Eisenburg dominion. In 1573, 83 craftsmen from Memmingen were listed in the debt register of the Jews of Amendingen. From 1600 there was no more Jewish population in Amendingen, as most of them moved to Fellheim, where they were under the protection of the local lord. When the Neubronner family bought the lordship of Amendingen in 1601, it was agreed in the purchase contract that no more Jews would be accepted. As the new owners of the manor, the Neubronner family sought to establish order through contracts and agreements. They defined the rights and duties of the sacristan and the teacher and made an agreement with the Rot an der Rot Abbey about the tithes in Amendingen.
During the Thirty Years' War, imperial and Swedish troops were quartered here, and the population suffered as a result. The former St. Ottilien Chapel was the site of a clash between the two warring parties. The parish registers show that the dead were buried in front of the chapel.
The plague also raged in the Memmingen area in 1635. However, it is not known to what extent Amendingen was affected. The most important consequence of the war was that on July 16, 1642, the Abbey of Rot sold the patronage right with the tithe and other properties in Amendingen to the Buxheim Charterhouse.Maximilian Dietrich - The district of Memmingen - p. 136. The church in Amendingen was destroyed in 1655 when the tower collapsed. This event led to the construction of a temporary building, which was consecrated in 1661. In 1671 the property was divided into twelve parts by the heirs of the Neubronner family. Although an administrator was appointed for all twelve parts, disputes soon arose. In 1705 the majority was sold to the Memmingen Unterhospital.
Construction of the present church began in 1752, with the chancel facing north instead of east. The building was completed in 1754 and consecrated on October 12, 1755.
19th century until the Second World War
The village remained under the rule of Eisenburg until 1805. After the Treaty of Lunéville gave the Electorate of Bavaria sovereignty over the Swabian territories, the Crown of Bavaria officially assumed sovereignty in Amendingen on December 31, 1805, at two o'clock in the afternoon. It became an independent Bavarian community. Since then, Amendingen has also included the land towards Eisenburg and Grünenfurt Castle.