The Pinjor Formation is a Cenozoic geologic formation in India. The fossils of mammals are abundant from the formation, with the addition of reptiles, fishes and invertebrates.
Paleobiota
Reptiles Pseudosuchians It is possible that Rhamphosuchus crassidens and probably Hypselornis sivalensis may have been present in Pinjor Formation. Pseudosuchians from the Pinjor Formation Genus Species Material Location Notes ImagesGavialisG. gangeticusWIF/A 459-461, partial craniums.AmbalaA gavialid.G. browniWIF/A 458, maxillary fragment.CrocodylusC. palaeindicusA/683, cranial rostrum.NaipliA crocodylid.C. biporcatusA/684, a complete skull.
Turtle Turtles from the Pinjor Formation Genus Species Material Location Notes ImagesMegalochelysM. atlasNumerous specimens, including ones referred to M. sivalensis.Known from Plio-Pleistocene deposits of entire Punjab.A large sized testudinid.cf. Geoclemyscf. G. hamiltoniiWIF/A 454, partially preserved carapace and antero-posteriorly broken plastron.AmbalaA geoemydid.OmegachelysO. sahniiWIF/A 451, terminally broken large carapace. AmbalaA geoemydid.
Squamates Squamates from the Pinjor Formation Genus Species Material Location Notes ImagesVaranusV. sivalensisDistal end of humerus, dorsal vertebrae "Pinjor Zone"A varanid.
Birds It is possible that Leptoptilos falconeri and Struthio asiaticus might have been present in Pinjor Formation.Louchart, A., Vignaud, P., Likius, A., Brunet, M., & White, T. D. (2005). A large extinct marabou stork in African Pliocene hominid sites, and a review of the fossil species of Leptoptilos. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 50(3). Birds from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesAvesindet.Potwar Plateau Indeterminate aves.StruthioS. cameluseggshells fragmentsChandigarh regionA struthionid.
Mammals Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphlas from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesChandisorexC. punchkulaensisChandigarh regionA soricid.
Rodent Rodents from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesHystrixH. leucurusChandigarh regionA hystricid.RattusR. sp.Chandigarh regionA murid.MusM. linnaeusiChandigarh region A murid.cf. M. flynniChandigarh regionA murid.HadromysH. loujacobsiChandigarh regionA muridH. sp.Chandigarh regionA muridNesokiaN. punchkulaensisChandigarh regionA muridCremnomysC. blanfordiChandigarh regionA muridDilatomysD. sp.Chandigarh regionA muridGolundaG. sp.Chandigarh regionA muridAnepsirhizomysA. pinjoricusChandigarh regionA muridTateraT. pinjoricusChandigarh regionA muridBandicotaB. sp Chandigarh regionA murid
Lagomorph Lagomorphs from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesPliosiwalagusP. sivalensisChandigarh regionA leporid
Primates It is possible that Hominins (most likely Archaic humans) were present in Pinjor Formation. Primates from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesTheropithecusT. oswaldiChandigarh regionA cercopithecid.ProcynocephalusP. subhimalayanusChandigarh regionA cercopithecid.
Felids Felids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesMegantereonM. falconeriChandigarh region, Roorkee regionA machairodontine felid.HomotheriumH. sp."Pinjor Faunal Zone"A machairodontine felid.DinofelisD. cristataChandigarh regionA machairodontine felid, includes cf. Panthera cristata.SivapantheraS. potensChandigarh regionA feline felid.PantheraP. unciaPotwar PlateauA pantherine felid.P. gombaszogensisHaro RiverFelisF. subhimalayanaUpper SiwaliksA feline felid.
Canids Canids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesCanisC. pinjorensisChandigarh regionA canine canid.C. etruscusPotwar Plateau and Siwaliks of Dádúpúr.A canine canid, includes Canis cautleyi.PrototocyonP. curvipalatusChandigarh regionA canine canid. Also known from the older Tatrot Formation.
Ursids Ursid from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesAgriotheriumA. sivalensisKasamuri Rao, Saharanpur of North-Western Provinces and Siwalik Ganges valley neighbourhood.A ailuropodine ursid.MelursusM. theobaldiKangra districtA ursine ursid.
Viverrids Viverrids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesVishnuictisV. durandiUpper SiwalikA viverrine viverrid.V. sp.Chandigarh regionA viverrine viverrid.ViverraV. bakeriUpper SiwalikA viverrine viverrid.
Mustelids Mustelids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesEnhydriodonE. sivalensisChandigarh region, Potwar PlateauA lutrine mustelid.SinictisS. lydekkeriUpper SiwaliksA mustelidAmblonyxA. indicusUpper SiwaliksA lutrine mustelid.A. sp.Upper SiwaliksA lutrine mustelid.MellivoraM. sivalensisChandigarh regionA mellivorine mustelid.LutraL. palaeindicaUpper SiwaliksA lutrine mustelid.
Hyaenids Hyaenids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesPachycrocutaP. brevirostrisChandigarh region, Potwar PlateauA hyaenid.CrocutaC. sivalensisUpper SiwaliksA hyaenid.PliocrocutaP. perrieriUpper SiwaliksA hyaenid.HyaenictisH. boseiChandigarh regionA hyaenid.
Proboscideans Proboscideans from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesStegodonS. pinjorensisChandigarh regionA stegodontid proboscidean.S. insignisChandigarh regionA stegodontid proboscidean.S. sp.Chandigarh regionA stegodontid proboscidean.S. bombifronsPotwar PlateauA stegodontid proboscidean, also known from the older Tatrot Formation.ElephasE. hysudricusChandigarh regionAn elephantid proboscidean.E. planifronsChandigarh regionAn elephantid proboscidean, also known from the older Tatrot Formation. E. platycephalusChandigarh regionAn elephantid proboscidean.AnancusA. sivalensisChandigarh regionA gomphothere proboscidean, also known from the older Tatrot Formation.StegolophodonS. stegodontoidesChandigarh regionA stegodontid proboscidean, also known from the older Tatrot Formation.
Rhinocerotids Rhinocerotids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesRhinocerosR. sivalensisChandigarh regionA rhinocerotine rhinocerotid.R. platyrhinusChandigarh regionA large rhinocerotine rhinocerotid, includes Punjabitherium.R. palaeindicusChandigarh regionA rhinocerotine rhinocerotid.SubchilotheriumS. intermediumChandigarh regionA aceratheriine rhinocerotid. Also known from the older Tatrot Formation.
Bovids Bovids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesBisonB. sivalensisA bovine bovid.DamalopsD. palaeindicusAn alcelaphine bovid.OryxO. sivalensisA hippotragine bovid.HemibosH. acuticornisA bovine bovid.H. triquetricornisH. antilopinusAntilopeA. subtortaAn antilopine bovid.BubalusB. platyceropsA bovine bovid.B. palaeindicusLeptobosL. falconeriA bovine bovid.BosB. acutifronsA bovine bovid.ProamphibosP. sp.A bovine bovidCaprinaeIndeterminateAn indeterminate caprine bovid.BucapraB. deviesiA caprine bovidReduncinaeIndeterminateAn indeterminate reduncine bovid.BoselaphusB. cf. namadicusA bovine bovid.SivatragusS. bohliniA hippotragine bovid.BovidaeIndeterminateIndeterminate bovids.GazellaG. sp.An antilopine bovidSivacapraS. subhimalayaensisA caprine bovidSivacobusS. palaeindicusA reduncine bovid.
Cervids Cervids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesCervusC. sivalensisA large-size cervid.C. triplidensA cervid.C. sp.A cervid.MetacervocerusM. punjabiensisA cervid.EucladocerosE. sp.A large cervid.PraesinomegacerosP. sp.A large cervid.RucervusR. sp.A cervid.
Giraffids Giraffids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesGiraffaG. sivalensisA giraffid.SivatheriumS. giganteumA giraffid.S. sp.
Suids Suids from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesSusS. falconeriA suid.S. hysudricusS. giganteusS. chopraiKolpochoerusK. sp.A suid.PotamochoerusP. theobaldiA suid.P. palaeindicusSivachoerusS. sp.A suid.SuidaeIndeterminateIndeterminate suids.
Other Ungulates Other Ungulates from the Pinjor FormationGenusSpeciesMaterialLocationNotesImagesHexaprotodonH. sivalensisA hippopotamid.CamelusC. sivalensisA camelid.EquusE. cautleyiAn equid, includes Equus sivalensis.E. namadicusNestoritheriumN. sivalenseA chalicotheriid.
References