Mayor of Rome

The mayor of Rome () is an elected politician who, along with the Rome City Council () of 48 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Rome. As Rome is a comune speciale since 2009, the office is different from the offices of the other Italian cities. The title is the equivalent of Lord Mayor in the meaning of an actual executive leader.

Overview

According to the City of Rome Statutes, the mayor of Rome is a member of the Rome City Council () ex-oficio as its overall head. The mayor is elected by the population of Rome. Citizens elect also the members of the City Council, which also controls the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce the mayor's resignation by a motion of no confidence. The mayor is entitled to appoint and release the members of his cabinet, which are twelve () according to the Italian Constitution. The seat of the City Council is the city hall Palazzo Senatorio on the Capitoline Hill.

History When the city of Rome was founded, it was initially ruled by Kings. After the last King was overthrown, it would be ruled by Consuls who were elected by the Assembly of the Centuries. The Assembly of the Centuries was an extremely oligarchic voting system, with voters organized into blocks based on wealth, and each block having but one vote to elect the Consuls.

During the time of the empire, Rome was ruled by its Emperors, although the Consuls continued to exist in a largely ceremonial role. The Assembly of the Centuries was abolished, and the power to elect Consuls was transferred to the Senate alone. Once the Western Roman Empire ended, Consuls retook charge of the city, even as Kings once again ruled larger territories that included Rome. By this time there were no longer two Consuls in Rome, but one, the position of Consul Posteriori having been ceded to the younger Eastern Roman Empire.

In 534, a man named Decius Paulinus served as the very last Consul of Rome; the last Consul was Byzantine Emperor Leo VI, but he did not rule from Rome. The Senate survived as a city council of sorts, until it passed its final acts and voted to disband in 603. All the while, law and order were largely kept by various foreign occupiers (and their appointed city-governors).

In 756, the Donation of Pepin made Rome the capital of a newly formed Federation of the Papal States. After this, the city would be directly ruled by the same Popes who also ruled the much larger Papal States territory. During the final third or so of its existence, the Papal States also had a Governor of Rome, appointed by the Pope to rule the city in his name, allowing the Pope himself to focus on national and ecclesial matters.

Having been the capital of the Papal States, Rome did not receive its modern Mayor until 1870, when it became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. The new Mayor served as a member of the city council, and he was appointed every three years by the King of Italy. Then since 1889 the Mayor was elected every four years by the City Council; however, the Italian fascist dictatorship abolished mayors and City cCuncils in 1926, replacing them with a single authoritarian Rector (Podestà) chosen by the National Fascist Party. The rector of Rome was called Governor (Governatore).

After World War II, the Mayor was chosen by the City Council. In 1993, the election of the Mayor was transferred from the City Council to direct election by the people. In 2001, the schedule of such elections was changed from every 4 years to every 5 years.

List of mayors of Rome

Papal States (1558–1870)

From 1558 to 1870, the Papal States created the office of Governatore (Governor), also called Vice Camerlengo, chosen by the Pope.

1558–1560 – Virgilio Rosario 1560–1588 – Giacomo Savelli 1588–1603 – Girolamo Rusticucci 1603–1605 – Camillo Borghese (future Pope Paul V) 1605–1610 – Girolamo Pamphili 1610–1629 – Giovanni Garzia Millini 1629–1671 – Marzio Ginetti Acting 1671 – Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni 1671–1714 – Gaspare Carpegna 1714–1721 – Giandomenico Paracciani 1721–1726 – Fabrizio Paolucci 1726–1732 – Prospero Marefoschi 1732–1759 – Giovanni Antonio Guadagni 1759–1762 – Antonio Maria Erba-Odescalchi 1762–1793 – Marcantonio Colonna 1793–1795 – Andrea Corsini 1795–1810 – Giulio Maria della Somaglia 1810–1813 – Antonio Despuig y Dameto 1813–1820 – Lorenzo Litta 1820–1823 – Annibale della Genga (future Pope Leo XII) Acting 1823–1824 – Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani 1824–1834 – Placido Zurla 1834–1838 – Carlo Odescalchi 1838–1841 – Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani 1841–1870 – Costantino Patrizi Naro

Kingdom of Italy (1870–1946) From 1870, when Rome was annexed, the Kingdom of Italy created the office of the Mayor of Rome (Sindaco di Roma), chosen by the City council. In 1926, the Fascist dictatorship abolished mayors and City councils, replacing them with a single authoritarian Governor (Governatore) chosen by the National Fascist Party.

  Mayor Term start Term end Party–Michelangelo CaetaniPresident of the Government Council of Rome (Presidente della Giunta di Governo di Roma).23 September 187030 September 1870Independent–Guido Orazio Falconieri1 October 187028 Novembren 1870Independent–Giuseppe LunatiActing mayor.29 November 187020 December 1870Independent–Filippo Doria Pamphili21 December 1870March 1871Independent–Giovanni AngeliniMarch 187116 April 1871Independent1Francesco Rospigliosi Pallavicini16 April 187121 October 1871Independent2Luigi Pianciani29 July 18735 August 1874Left3Pietro Venturi15 January 18757 November 1877Left4Emanuele Ruspoli18 July 187820 July 1880Right(2)Luigi PiancianiOctober 1881May 1882Left5Leopoldo TorloniaMay 188231 December 1887Right6Alessandro Guiccioli24 October 188828 November 1889Left7Augusto Armellini28 November 188920 June 1890Left8Onorato Caetani29 December 189014 November 1892Right(4)Emanuele Ruspoli14 November 189229 November 1899Right9Prospero Colonna di PalianoDecember 1899October 1904Right10Enrico Cruciani Alibrandi10 July 190510 July 1907Independent11Ernesto Nathan25 November 19078 December 1913Radical(9)Prospero Colonna di Paliano6 July 19148 June 1919Liberal12Adolfo Apolloni8 June 191925 November 1920Liberal13Luigi Rava25 November 192023 May 1921Liberal14Giannetto Valli23 May 192126 June 1922Liberal15Filippo Cremonesi26 June 19221 January 1926Independent Fascist Governor (1926–1944)1Filippo Cremonesi1 January 19269 December 1926PNF2Ludovico Spada Veralli Potenziani9 December 192613 September 1928PNF3Francesco Boncompagni Ludovisi13 September 192823 January 1935PNF4Giuseppe Bottai23 January 193515 November 1936PNF5Piero Colonna15 November 193630 August 1939PNF6Giangiacomo Borghese30 August 193921 August 1943PNF7Riccardo Motta21 August 19436 January 1944PFR8Giovanni Orgera6 January 19444 June 1944PFR Allied occupation (1944–1946)16Filippo Andrea VI Doria Pamphili10 June 194410 December 1946Independent

Republic of Italy (1946–present) City Council election (1946–1993) From 1946 to 1993, the mayor of Rome was chosen by the City Council.

  Mayor Term start Term end Party Coalition Election17Salvatore Rebecchini(1891–1977)10 December 19465 November 1947DCDC19465 November 19474 July 1952DC PLI UQ19474 July 19522 July 1956DC PLI PRI 195218Umberto Tupini(1889–1973)2 July 195610 January 1958DCCentrism(DC PLI PRI PSDI)195619Urbano Cioccetti(1905–1978)10 January 195811 July 1961DC -196020Glauco Della Porta(1920–1976)17 July 196212 March 1964DCOrganic Centre-left(DC PSI PSDI PRI)196221Amerigo Petrucci(1922–1983)12 March 196428 July 1966DC28 July 196629 December 1967196622Rinaldo Santini(1914–2013)29 December 196730 July 1969DC23Clelio Darida(1927–2017)30 July 19697 August 1971DCDC PSI PSDI7 August 19719 August 1976DC 197124Giulio Carlo Argan(1909–1992)9 August 197629 September 1979SIRed Executive(PCI PSI PSDI PRI)197625Luigi Petroselli(1932–1981)29 September 19797 October 1981PCI26Ugo Vetere(1924–2013)15 October 198130 July 1985PCI198127Nicola Signorello(1926–2022)30 July 19856 August 1988DCPentapartito(DC PSI PSDI PRI PLI)198528Pietro Giubilo(b. 1942)6 August 198819 July 1989DC -29Franco Carraro(b. 1939)19 December 198919 April 1993PSIPentapartito(DC PSI PSDI PRI PLI)1989 - Notes

Direct election (since 1993) Since 1993, under provisions of new local administration law, the mayor of Rome is chosen by direct election, originally every four, and since 2001 every five years.

Mayor of Rome Took office Left office Party Coalition Election Francesco Rutelli(b. 1954) 6 December 1993 17 November 1997 FdV Alliance of Progressives(PDS-FdV-AD-LP) 1993 17 November 1997 8 January 2001 The Olive Tree(PDS-PRC-FdV-PPI-LP-SDI) 1997 Enzo Mosino, Special Prefectural Commissioner (8 January 2001 – 1 June 2001) Walter Veltroni(b. 1955) 1 June 2001 1 June 2006 DSPD The Olive Tree(DS-FdV-DL-PRC) 2001 1 June 2006 13 February 2008 The Olive Tree(DS-FdV-DL-PRC-IdV-PdCI) 2006 Mario Morcone, Special Prefectural Commissioner (13 February 2008 – 28 April 2008) Gianni Alemanno(b. 1958) 28 April 2008 12 June 2013 PdL PdL 2008 Ignazio Marino(b. 1955) 12 June 2013 31 October 2015 PD PD SEL 2013 Francesco Paolo Tronca, Special Prefectural Commissioner (31 October 2015 – 22 June 2016) 34 Virginia Raggi(b. 1978) 22 June 2016 21 October 2021 M5S M5S 2016 Roberto Gualtieri(b. 1966) 21 October 2021 Incumbent PD PD SI EV DemoS 2021 Notes

Timeline Mayors

Political coalition

By time in office RankMayorPolitical PartyTotal time in office1Salvatore RebecchiniDC 2Francesco RutelliFdV 3Clelio DaridaDC 4Walter VeltroniDS 5Virginia RaggiM5S6Gianni AlemannoPdL 7Roberto GualtieriPD8Amerigo PetrucciDC 9Ugo VeterePCI 10Urbano CioccettiDC 11Franco CarraroPSI 12Giulio Carlo ArganSI 13Nicola SignorelloDC 14Ignazio MarinoPD 15Luigi PetroselliPCI16Glauco Della PortaDC17Rinaldo SantiniDC18Umberto TupiniDC19Pietro GiubiloDC

Election

Deputy Mayor The office of the Deputy Mayor of Rome was officially created in 1993 with the adoption of the new local administration law. The Deputy Mayor is nominated and eventually dismissed by the Mayor. # Deputy Term start Term end Party Mayor1Walter Tocci8 December 199317 November 1997PDSDSRutelli20 November 19978 January 20012Enrico Gasbarra4 June 200117 June 2003DLVeltroni3Mariapia Garavaglia24 June 20031 June 2006DL8 June 200613 February 20084Mario Cutrufo16 May 200815 July 2011PdLAlemanno5Sveva Belviso19 July 201112 June 2013PdL6Luigi Nieri27 June 201327 July 2015SELMarino7Marco Causi28 July 201531 October 2015PD8Daniele Frongia26 June 201617 December 2016M5SRaggi9Luca Bergamo22 December 201625 January 2021M5S10Pietro Calabrese27 January 202121 October 2021M5S11Silvia Scozzese3 November 2021IncumbentIndGualtieri Notes

References