Andrew Windsor, 1st Baron Windsor

Andrew Windsor, 1st Baron Windsor (Wyndsore, Wyndesor) KB (1467–1543), was a member of parliament, English peer,T. F. T. Baker, 'Windsor, Sir Andrew (c. 1457–1543), of Stanwell, Mdx.', in S. T. Bindoff (ed.), The History of Parliament: The House of Commons, 1509–1558, History of Parliament online. and Keeper of the Wardrobe, knight banneret and military commander.Extensive references to (and for) Sir Andrew Windsor are found in S. Gunn, Henry VII's New Men and the Making of Tudor England (Oxford University Press 2016), see pp. 391–92.

Name

In manuscript and printed sources dated before 1650 his name consistently appears as 'Andrew' or 'Andrewe'. In 1676 Sir William Dugdale (1605–1686) gave an account of him in The Baronage of England,W. Dugdale, The Baronage of England 3 Vols (London 1675-6), III, pp. 307–08. partly based on information from 'Thomas, late Lord Windsor deceased' (6th Lord Windsor, died 1642),Dugdale, Baronage, III, pp. 307–08, "what I have been told by Thomas, late Lord Windsor (deceased)...", in which he is called 'Andrews' Windsor, Andrews having been the maiden name of Sir Andrew's mother.A. Collins, 'Windsor-Hickman, Earl of Plymouth', in The Peerage of England, 5th edition (8 Vols), IV (Strahan, Rivingtons, Hinton, &c., London 1779), pp. 70–73 (Google). Collins cites particularly the early pedigrees of Wyndsore in Harleian Manuscript 1195, items 6, 7 and 10: Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. I (Commissioners, Westminster 1808), p. 591 (Internet Archive).

Arthur Collins gave the account that the 6th Lord, dying without issue, in 1641 settled his estate upon his intended heir, his sister's son Thomas-Windsor Hickman (then in his minority), on condition that he assume the name and arms of the Windsor family.A. Collins, 'Windsor-Hickman, Earl of Plymouth', in The Peerage of England, 5th edition (8 Vols), IV (Strahan, Rivingtons, Hinton, &c., London 1779), pp. 54–114, at p. 107 (Google). The title was restored in him (in fulfilment of a warrant instigated by King Charles I) by King Charles II in 1660, as the 7th Lord Windsor.Collins, The Peerage of England, pp. 108–10 (Google).

In spirited compliance with his late uncle's intention, he reshaped his name to Windsor-Hickman, and chose ancestral names for his own children, naming one 'Other' after the Domesday ancestor,Collins, The Peerage of England, IV, pp. 111–12 (Google). and another (in 1678) Andrews Windsor.P.D.G. Thomas & R.S. Lea, 'Windsor, Hon. Andrews (1678–1765), of Southampton', in R. Sedgwick (ed.), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1715–1754 (Boydell & Brewer 1970), History of Parliament online. This appears to be the origin of the revision in the 1st Baron's name made by Dugdale.

The 7th Lord Windsor was advanced to the dignity of 1st Earl of Plymouth by Letters Patent in 1682. Several very learned authors, notably Arthur Collins, Daniel LysonsD. Lysons, The Environs of London Vol 3 (Cadell & Davies, London 1795), pp. 36–41. and Sir Harris Nicolas,N. H. Nicholas, Testamenta Vetusta: Being Illustrations from Wills, 2 Vols (Nichols & Son, London 1826), I, in will of Dame Alice Wyche at p. 337. perhaps of courtesy, followed Dugdale's indication (if it was not simply a misprint, since he uses both forms) and went so far as to alter the form 'Andrewe' (in manuscript sources) to 'Andrews' in their printed transcripts of the same documents referring to the 1st Baron Windsor. Others, notably John Burke,J. Burke, A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, 4th Edition, 2 Vols (Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, London 1832), II, p. 301. resisted the alteration, resulting in two separate nomenclature traditions. In modern usage in historical contexts, the 1st Baron Windsor is referred to as Sir Andrew, the name used during his own lifetime.

Origins and early life In 1086 the manor of Stanwell, Middlesex, was held by William Fitz Othere, Constable of Windsor Castle.'Stanwell: Manors', in S. Reynolds (ed.), A History of the County of Middlesex, Vol. 3, Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (V.C.H., London 1962), pp. 36–41. (British History Online. Retrieved 5 November 2016) Stanwell was held as from the Castle, and William's descendants took the name Wyndsore. Thomas Wyndsore, Andrew's father, was aged 11 when his father Miles Wyndsore died while on pilgrimage in Ferrara, Italy in 1451/2: Miles's wife was Joan, daughter of Walter Green, M.P., of Hayes, Middlesex (d. 1456),C. Rawcliffe, 'Green, Walter II (d. 1456), of Hayes, Middx.', in J. S. Roskill, L. Clark and C. Rawcliffe (eds), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386–1421 (Boydell and Brewer, 1993 (History of Parliament online). Will of Walter Green (P.C.C. 1456). 'Burbage of Park Hall', in G. J. Armytage (ed.), Middlesex Pedigrees collected by Richard Mundy, Harleian Society LXV (1914), pp. 78–80, at p. 79. Collins, Peerage of England, p. 70, citing a Lambeth MS, makes her daughter of Walter Green of Bridgnorth, Shropshire. (and sister of Katherine Green (died 1498), successively wife of William Stalworth (died c. 1445),J. and M. Stevens, 'CP40/751: Michaelmas term 1448', in Court of Common Pleas: the National Archives, Cp40 1399–1500 (London, 2010), CP 40/751 rot. 231. (British History Online. Retrieved 16 October 2016) John Gaynesford of Crowhurst (died 1460) and Sir Edmund Rede of Boarstall (1417–1489).Will of Dame Katherine Rede, widow (P.C.C. 1498). Inquisitions of Dame Katherine Rede, Calendar of Inquisitions post mortem, Henry VII, II (HMSO 1915), pp. 156–58, nos. 237 and 238. (Internet archive). Rawcliffe, following Mundy, reverses the Gaynesford and Rede marriages.). Thomas Wyndsore as fee lord of Hampton Poyle, Oxfordshire, demised it in 11 Edward IV to Katherine Rede, in respect of the Gaynesford and Warner connection with the Poyle family.B. W. Greenfield, 'The descent of the manor and advowson of Hampton-Poyle, in the County of Oxford', in J. G. Nichols (ed.), The Herald and Genealogist I (J.B. Nichols, London 1863), pp. 209–224, at p. 211

Around 1465, Thomas married Elizabeth Andrewes,A descendant of Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon. Her sister Anne was the mother of John Sulyard of Wetherden, Suffolk: see 'Pedigree of the family of Sulyard of Wetherden and Haughley', in G.W. Marshall (ed.), The Genealogist (George Bell and Sons, London 1880), IV, pp. 226–34, at pp. 227–29 (Internet Archive). daughter of John and Elizabeth Andrewes of Baylham, Suffolk, and Andrew, the eldest surviving son, was born c. 1467.A. Collins, 'Windsor-Hickman, Earl of Plymouth', in The Peerage of England, 5th edition (8 Vols), IV (Strahan, Rivingtons, Hinton, &c., London 1779), pp. 70–73. Collins cites particularly the early pedigrees of Wyndsore in Harleian Manuscript 1195, items 6, 7 and 10: Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. I (Commissioners, Westminster 1808), p. 591. Several children of Thomas are enumerated in the wills of Elizabeth Andrewes senior and her sister Dame Alice Wyche,The wife of Sir Hugh Wyche (Lord Mayor of London 1451) and of William Holte, see L. Lyell and F. D. Watney (eds), Acts of Court of the Mercers' Company 1453–1527 (Cambridge University Press 1936), pp. 80–83, at p. 82. both of whom died in 1474.Wills of Elizabeth Andrewes and Allice Wyche (both P.C.C. 1474). Texts: Nicolas, Testamenta Vetusta, I: (Elizabeth Andrewes), pp. 328–331. (Allice Wyche),pp. 336–37. Having made his own will in 1479, Thomas was advised to prepare himself to receive the Order of Knighthood at King Edward V's Coronation in June 1483,'De Ordine Militari, ad Coronationem Regis, suscipiendo', in T. Rymer (ed.), 'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: January–June 1483', Vol. 12, (London 1739–1745), pp. 172–192, at p. 185. (British History Online. Retrieved 5 November 2016) but those honours never materialised.J. Anstis the elder, Observations Introductory to an Historical Essay upon the Knighthood of the Bath (1725). In 1485, Richard III appointed him Constable of Windsor Castle.Baker, 'Windsor, Sir Andrew', History of Parliament. Following the Battle of Bosworth, his lands were forfeit, but immediately restored to him by Henry VII. He died a week later; his will naming Andrew his heir was proved on 14 February 1485/6.Will of Thomas Wyndesor (P.C.C. 1486). Full text: N. H. Nicolas, Testamenta Vetusta, I, pp. 352–56.

Early career After his father's death, Andrew's mother Elizabeth remarried to Sir Robert Lytton, who became Keeper of the Wardrobe to Henry VII in 1492. Lytton acquired the reversion of the manor of Knebworth in Hertfordshire from the estate of Sir Thomas Bourchier (died 1491, a younger son of the 1st Earl of Essex),Will of Thomas Bourchier. Nicolas, Testamenta Vetusta, I, p. 405. who had it in right of his former wife Isabel (Barre), widow of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon. Bourgchier had married secondly Anne Andrews (widow of Sir John Sulyard and sister of Elizabeth), who long survived him and died at Wetherden, Suffolk in 1520.'Manor of Knebworth', 'Parishes: Knebworth', in W. Page (ed.), A History of the County of Hertford Vol. 3 (V.C.H., London 1912), pp. 111–118. (British History Online. Retrieved 8 November 2016). D. Richardson, ed. K. G. Everingham, Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition (Richardson 2011), pp. 469–72, at p. 471. Will of Dame Anne Bourgchire of Wederden (P.C.C. 1520).

Andrew married Elizabeth Blount, sister and coheir of Edward Blount, 2nd Baron Mountjoy. His brother John Wyndsore, of the Middle Temple, married Anne Fiennes, daughter of Sir Thomas Fiennes of Claverham in Arlington, East Sussex:D. Richardson, ed. K. G. Everingham, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd Edition (Richardson 2011), Part 2, pp. 103–04, and see pp. 71–75. his brother Anthony Wyndsore married Elizabeth daughter of Henry Lovell and Constance Hussey, heiress of Harting, Sussex.D. G. C. Elwes and C. J. Robinson, A History of the Castles, Mansions, and Manors of Western Sussex (Longmans & Co., London/G.P. Bacon, Lewes 1876), pp. 113–14. His sisters Elizabeth and Alice married Richard Fowler and George Puttenham respectively.Collins, Peerage of England, p. 77. Among Andrew's inheritances were estates in Suffolk including Andrews Hall in Sproughton and Stoke, property coming from the Andrewes side, mentioned in the 1522 Perambulation of Ipswich'Perambulation of 1522', Ancient and Modern Perambulations... Relative to the Liberties of Ipswich (Ipswich Corporation/John Bransby, Ipswich 1815), pp. 7–13, at p. 8. and in Andrew's will.Will of Andrew Wyndsore of Stanwell (P.C.C. 1543). Throughout his life Wyndsore acquired estates in many parts of the kingdom.Gunn, Henry VII's New Men, p. 230.