The Food Security Doctrine () is an agricultural policy of the Russian Federation adopted first in 2010, and revised latest in 2020.
History The first draft of a comprehensive national food security policy was created by the Russian Ministry of Agriculture in the 1990s, which however met strong resistance from other economic ministries and was vetoed by then president Boris Yeltsin due to budgetary limitations. In 2006, Russia adopted the Federal Law on the Development of Agriculture () which was the first legal document that provided basis for supporting agricultural production.
2010 first version On January 21, 2010, then Russian president Dmitry Medvedev signed Russia's first Food Security Doctrine, which is a non-legislative framework document that outlines the agricultural production goals in order to achieve domestic food self-sufficiency. The doctrine is referred to by the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2020.
The doctrine also justifies governmental actions in response to foreign dumping or export subsidy that are deemed as detrimental to the Russian market. The doctrine has also established the following domestic production goals as the share of domestic production in the total food supplies:
grain - 95 percent sugar - 80 percent vegetable oil – 80 percent meat and meat products (on meat basis) – 85 percent milk and dairy products (on milk basis) – 90 percent fish product - 80 percent
However, there is no specific instructions on the timeframe, enforcer or funding for meeting the targets. According to USDA, the doctrine fails to specify any concrete measures to reach the targets which severely limits its effectiveness.
In 2019, then Russian Prime Minister Medvedev stated that most of the goals outlined by the doctrine had been met in the past decade.
2020 revised version On January 21, 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a revised version of Food Security Doctrine for Russia. According to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, the emergence of new economic conditions such as economic sanctions, Russia's accession to the WTO and enhanced integration processes within the Eurasian Economic Union prompted the revision of the doctrine.
The revised version of the doctrine focused on preventing the import and use of genetically modified organisms for planting or genetically modified animal for being raised. A revised set of production goals were also published as following:
ProductSelf-sufficiency target set in 2010New Self-sufficiency target set in 2020Actual production level in 2019Grain95 percent95 percent170.5 percentSugar80 percent90 percent112.6 percentvegetable oil80 percent90 percent198.4 percentMeat and Meat Products (on meat basis)85 percent95 percent94.6 percentMilk and Dairy Product (on milk basis) 90 percent90 percent81.7 percentFish Products (in live weight – raw weight) 80 percent 85 percent 154.5 percentPotatoes95 percent95 percent100 percentVegetables, Melons and GourdsNA90 percent95.8 percentFruit and BerriesNA60 percent33.9 percentSeeds of Key Ag Crops of Domestic SelectionNA75 percent2-90 percentEdible salt85 percent85 percent63.6 percent
See also Agriculture in Russia
References