Alphaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Orthoherpesviridae, primarily distinguished by reproducing more quickly than other subfamilies in the Orthoherpesviridae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. The subfamily contains five genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: HHV-1 and HHV-2: skin vesicles or mucosal ulcers, rarely encephalitis and meningitis, HHV-3: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles, GaHV-2: Marek's disease. In animals, Pseudorabies virus is the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease in pigs, and Bovine herpesvirus 1 is the causative agent of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and pustular vulvovaginitis.
Genera Alphaherpesvirinae consists of the following five genera:
Iltovirus Mardivirus Scutavirus Simplexvirus Varicellovirus
Structure Viruses in Alphaherpesvirinae are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 120 to 180 kb in length.
Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentationIltovirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartiteMardivirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartiteSimplexvirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartiteScutavirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartiteVaricellovirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartite
Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral gB, gC, gD and gH proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, budding, and microtubular outwards viral transport. Mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, contact, body fluids, lesions, and respiratory.
Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site TransmissionIltovirusBirds: galliform: psittacineNoneCell receptor endocytosisBuddingNucleusNucleusOral-fecal; aerosolMardivirusChickens; turkeys; quailNoneCell receptor endocytosisBuddingNucleusNucleusAerosolSimplexvirusHumans; mammalsEpithelial mucosaCell receptor endocytosisBuddingNucleusNucleusSalivaScutavirusSea turtlesNoneCell receptor endocytosisBuddingNucleusNucleusAerosolVaricellovirusMammalsEpithelial mucosaGlycoproteinsBuddingNucleusNucleusAerosol
See also Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 6
References
External links
Viralzone: Alphaherpesvirinae ICTV Animal Viruses