Greek in Australia

Greek in Australia also referred to as Greco-Australian or Australian Greek is a dialect of the Greek language that is spoken by the Greek diaspora in Australia. It is spoken by native Greek-speaking immigrants living in Australia as well as Australians of Greek descent.

Characteristics In the Greek language of Australia certain Greek words are replaced by Hellenised versions of English words. Although the exact number of speakers is unknown, researcher Anastasios Tamis suggests that the dialect is mostly spoken by second- and third-generation Greeks, however many first-generation Greeks and Greek immigrants to Australia have also adopted the dialect.

Although the words brought into the dialect have English roots, these words were Hellenised in order to agree with modern Greek grammar rules. For example, the Greek word for "The book" is "Το βιβλίο" (To vivlío). In the Greco-Australian dialect, it is commonly referred to as "Το μπούκο" (To boúko). The additional omicron was added at the end to make it a neuter noun, allowing it to agree with Greek grammatical rules. Most adopted English words are neuter nouns in Greek.

Greek surname conventions are that women use the genitive form of their family's last name typically until marriage, when they may adopt their husband's last name instead. However, as the English language does not distinguish between masculine and feminine surnames, most Greek people in English-speaking countries, including the Greeks living in Australia and Australians of Greek descent, adopt their father's surname and, in accordance with given English surnames, they do not change it to its genitive form. As a result, the name "" (Maria Papadopoúlou) is rendered as "" (Maria Papadópoulos) in English-speaking countries, such as Australia, despite it breaking Greek grammatical conventions. Writer Dean Kalimniou suggests that, as Greek immigrants adopt their parent's unaltered surname, they may at times end up using their mothers' last name instead, as is the case with Kalimniou's own family.

Origin The Greek spoken in Australia is based on standard Greek, which is spoken by approximately 13.5 million people worldwide. The Greek Australian varieties have originated upon the immigration of Greeks to Australia. Many Greek immigrants were unable to speak English proficiently at the time, so adopted some English words into their language in order to better communicate with Australian residents. It is also thought that these adoptions were made to help clear communication between Greek immigrants and their children, who were predominantly Greek speakers.

The development of the Greek varieties in Australia is attributed to the influence of the English language on Greek speakers in Australia. Most Greek Australians have not abandoned the Greek language, despite some being second or third-generation Australians. Greco-Australian has also eased the learning of the Greek language for the Greek diaspora. The mix of the Greek and English languages is sometimes credited to factors including the dominance of the English language in Australia, the Australian educational system, interracial marriages, Greek institutions in Australia and the Greek Orthodox Church of Australia. Ethnic segregation between Greek immigrants and Anglo-Celtic Australians may have also forced Greeks to adopt more English words in order to merge into Australian society.

Example words English Greco-Australian Romanisation Greek Romanisation The book Το μπούκο To mpoúko Το βιβλίο To vivlío The car Το κάρο To káro Το αυτοκίνητο To aftokínito The market Η μαρκέτα I markéta Η αγορά I agorá The supermarket Η σουπερμαρκέτα I soupermarkéta Η υπεραγορά I yperagorá The ticket Το τικέτο To tikéto Το εισιτήριο To eisitírio The petrol Το πετρέλιο To petrélio Η βενζίνη I venzíni The petrol station Το πετρελιονάδικο To petrelionádiko Το βενζινάδικο To venzinádiko The bank Η μπάνκα I mpánka Η τράπεζα I trápeza The hotel Το χοτέλι To chotéli Το ξενοδοχείο To xenodocheío The carpet To καρπέτo To karpéto Το χαλί To chalí The yard To γιάρι To giari Η αυλή I avlí The fridge Η φρίζα I phríza Το ψυγείο To psygeío The roof Το ρούφι To roúphi Η στέγη I stégi The roof repairer Ο ρουφάνιος O rouphánios Ο επισκευαστής στέγης O episkevatís stégis The floor Το φλόρι To phlóri Το πάτωμα To pátōma The chops Τα τσόπια Ta tsópia Οι μπριζόλες Oi mprizóles The chips Τα τσίπια Ta tsípia Τα πατατάκια Ta patatákia The basket Η μπασκέτα I mpaskéta Το καλάθι To kaláthi

Phonology Australian Greek has several phonetic differences from Standard Greek.

Aspiration

p k t have become aspirated becoming pʰ kʰ tʰ.

Palatalisation

the Greek l has been palatalized becoming lʲ

Notes

References

Sources