Civil Protection in Switzerland (CP) (German: Zivilschutz, ZS; Italian: Protezione civile, PC; French: Protection civile, PCiNote: The abbreviation PCi (civil protection), with a lower-case "i", was chosen to avoid confusion with the all-caps term PCI, which stands for "intervention command post".) is a body organized into 26 cantonal divisions, whose aim is to provide assistance to the population in the event of disasters or other harmful events. It is one of the five pillars of civil protection, alongside the fire department, police, technical services, and health services (ambulances, hospitals, etc.). The management of these divisions is the responsibility of the cantons.

The cantonal divisions are subdivided into "OPC" (communal) civil protection organizations and "ORPC" (regional) civil protection organizations. A region, as defined by the CP, is a grouping of communes. This type of organization is found particularly in rural areas, where the budget and number of personnel are too limited for a single commune.

The CP comprises five different areas: assistance to leadership (including telematics, situation monitoring and Atomic-Bacteria-Chemics protection - ABC protectionNote: "ABC" stands for atomic, bacteriological and chemical. From then on, we can have the abbreviations "A", "AC", etc. There is also the abbreviation "N" for nuclear (replacing "A"), which gives the acronym "NBC", used more frequently in the army.), assistance, support, protection of cultural property (PBC) and logistics.

Mission The CP is a 2nd-level means of protecting the population. In other words, it intervenes as soon as the 1st echelon or immediate emergency partners (police, fire brigade, medical services) can no longer manage a situation due to a lack of resources or manpower. The CP has to deal with emergency situations of great scope in terms of time and/or size.

In the event of large-scale emergencies or disasters, operations are managed at municipal or regional level by a regional steering committee (RSC). This is made up of all the partners (first and second level) and is managed by a municipal executive, who appoints a chief of staff and a deputy.

The following article from the Federal Law on Civil Protection defines the role of the CP:"Civil protection is responsible for protecting the population, assisting people seeking protection, protecting cultural property, supporting the lead bodies and other partner organizations, as well as carrying out rehabilitation work and interventions on behalf of the community."

- Federal Law on Civil Protection, Article 3, paragraph e.The role of the CP is very extensive. Depending on their training, CP members may be assigned to rescue operations, staff management, communications, traffic management, radiation protection, etc.

History Sources

Origin The first civil protection-type organization was created by the Physician General Georges Saint-Paul, who had been deeply affected by the atrocities of World War I. The association Les Lieux de Genève was created on 28 May 1931.

The aim of this association, recognized by the French Chamber of Deputies in 1935, was to create neutralized zones where civilians, especially the most vulnerable, could find refuge. In 1937, Georges Saint-Paul asked for the association to be transferred to Geneva, where it became the International Association for the Protection of Civilian Populations and Historic Buildings in Time of War.

In 1949, at the instigation of the Swiss government, the Geneva Conventions were revised and expanded. As a result, signatory countries were required to provide safety zones and localities for the civilian population.

Creation of civil defense in Switzerland In the 1950s, after World War II, the vision of threats changed radically, notably due to the use of the atomic bomb. The International Association for the Protection of Civilian Populations and Historic Buildings in Time of War became the International Civil Defence Organization in 1958, in order to facilitate exchanges and experiences of population protection throughout the world.

For their part, Swiss parliamentarians debated the establishment of a nationwide protection structure to enable the population to cope with the growing threats around the country, in particular the risks generated by the Cold War. The people accepted a constitutional amendment incorporating civil protection. A law was then drafted and implemented a few years later.

Thus, on 1 January 1963, civil protection came into being in Switzerland.

A special feature of the Swiss civil protection system was the creation of fallout shelters for all inhabitants. The threat of nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union was very serious, and the risk of a nuclear catastrophe in a country like Switzerland, situated between the two blocs, was high. These shelters were the leitmotif of Swiss civil protection until the fall of the Berlin Wall.

After the Cold War In the 1990s, the international political climate changed radically. The threat of a nuclear holocaust receded, and the mission of Swiss civil protection had to be reviewed. Parliamentarians began to think about reorienting the CP's remit. They began to focus on protection against natural and man-made disasters.

This new organization became official with the advent of the Army XXI reform in 2004, containing the Federal Law on Civil Protection System and Protection & Support Service (German: Bundesgesetz über den Bevölkerungsschutz und den Zivilschutz, BZG; Italian: Legge federale sulla protezione della popolazione e sulla protezione civile, LPPC; French: Loi fédérale sur la protection de la population et sur la protection civile, LPPCi), accepted by the people in the vote of 18 May 2003.

Nowadays

Civil protection plays a major role in disaster relief, as it did during the Gondo landslide on 14 October 2000, or during severe storms such as "Lothar" in December 1999 or "Andrea" in January 2012.

In calm weather, it also participates in numerous community interventions, providing manpower to manage traffic and provide assistance and rescue at events such as the 20 km of Lausanne, the Geneva Marathon, or the Geneva demonstration against the G8 Summit in Evian in 2003. The CP also makes its shelters available during extreme cold and when large numbers of refugees arrive.

In March 2020, for the first time since its creation in the 1950s, it was formally mobilized by the Federal Council and cantonal authorities as part of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recruitment Civil Protection was made up of people who, generally for medical, psychological or physical reasons, had been declared unfit for military service, but who were nonetheless fit for the CP, or of citizens who had completed their military service. They had to serve until the age of 50.

Since the Army XXI reform, joint recruitment has been carried out for the army and civil protection. Examinations, aptitude tests and interviews will determine where conscripts are assigned. The army has priority in the selection of conscripts, in order to best meet its objectives. Conscripts also express their wishes as to their assignment. Conscripts are required to serve until the age of 40 (with the possibility of remaining a volunteer after the age of 40, after confirmation of their medical fitness by the doctors at their regional recruitment center).

If a male citizen is not serving in the army, he must pay a military tax equivalent to 3% of his annual salary, but at least CHF 400 per year. The same applies to members of the Civil Protection forces, but with a 4% reduction for each day of service, up to a maximum of 60% per year. In addition, civil protection members pay the tax only up to the age of 30, instead of 40.

Swiss women can also become members of the CP, either by volunteering, or by going to a recruitment center if they so wish after the army presentation day (compulsory for all adult male citizens). In the latter case, they become "astreintes" and are obliged to serve until the age of 40. However, they do not pay military tax.

Foreigners resident in Switzerland (B and C permits) can join the CP on a voluntary basis.

Instruction Upon recruitment, trainees (or recruits) are assigned to one of three possible basic training courses, lasting between one and three weeks.

GI: General instruction General training lasts four days. It consists of teaching recruits the basics of CPR. This includes CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) certification, knowledge of safety rules, hazards and the types of situations encountered, stopping low-level fires, and use of CP shelters. All CP personnel are subject to GI.

SI: Specialized instruction The SI follows the GI and lasts six days. It is used to train recruits for their functional area (driving assistance; assistance; support). This area is chosen in advance during recruitment,Note: Recruitment determines what a citizen of military age will do. They may be fit for the army, fit for the CP or unfit. Recruitment is compulsory for men of military age, lasts two to three days, and takes place in military barracks. with the help of the CP recruitment officer.

CI: Complementary instruction Once they have completed the SI, conscripts who wish to do so can follow a Complementary Training (CI) course of variable duration, to be incorporated in the protection of cultural property domain, the ABC protection section (driving assistance domain), or the logistics domain (as a chef, cook or accountant).

Organization

An OPC/ORPC is organized as follows:

Command and Staff Comprising the commanding officer, his deputy and the members of the EM, i.e. the heads of the assistance, support, logistics and PCP domains, and the various heads of the driving assistance sections (monitoring, telematics, logistics coordination, Atomic-Chemics protection - AC protection), its role is to manage the OPC/ORPC, prepare future exercises and interventions for the community, check the status of personnel and equipment, and manage the administration (if a PC Office does not exist within the municipal administration).

Domains Consisting one or more sections, each domain is assigned its own specific tasks (see next paragraph). They are under the responsibility of an area manager. His role is to supervise assigned operations and inform command of their progress and any additional requirements. With the exception of driving assistance and logistics, all areas have sections with identical skills.

Sections Made up of one or more groups, a section's task is to accomplish the mission for which it has been formed. The section leader can divide roles between his groups. For example, an assistance section may have one group dealing with a nest of wounded, while another group is providing psychological assistance to physically unharmed victims.

The section leader, together with his or her domain leader, must ensure that knowledge is maintained and that sufficient personnel are available to accomplish the mission.

Groups Made up of men of rank their non-commissioned officers (group leaders), groups must carry out the tasks assigned to them in the field. The group leader must report to his officer on the progress of his work, make the best use of the soldiers according to their specializations, and supervise them.

Functions

Base functions

Assistance

They may also be responsible for providing assistance to refugees in the event of large-scale migration, and for supporting the health services, for example in the event of the activation of a protected ("underground") health center. They are also responsible for checking the condition of private shelters, which are compulsory for virtually every building owner in Switzerland.

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