The Varman dynasty () was the ruling dynasty of ancient Cambodia.
History The Varman Dynasty was established by King Kaundinyavarmandeva (Khmer: កៅណ្ឌិន្យវរ្ម័នទេវ), who married Queen Soma (Khmer: សោមា), who ruled the indigenous kingdom and established her spouse as the king of the Nokor Phnom or Funan kingdom, forming the Varman dynasty. There is evidence in the Sanskrit stone inscription mentioning that the Brahmin Kaundinya who received the magic spear from the Brahmin Ashwatthama (Sanskrit: अश्वत्थामा, Roman: Aśvatthāmā), the son of Drona (Sanskrit: द्रोण, Roman: Droṇa), had arrived in the kingdom of the Nāga (IAST: nāga; Devanāgarī: नाग) tribe and had finally waged a war and negotiated with them peacefully. Through marriage, Kaundinya Brahmin therefore was established as King Kaundinyavarmandeva (Khmer: កៅណ្ឌិន្យទី១), the first King of the Varman Dynasty.Kaundinya, Preah thong, and the "Nagi Soma" jstor.org.com
Zhou Daguan, the Chinese diplomat during the reign Emperor Nian Chengzong of the Yuan dynasty traveled to Angkor in 1296 to record the traditions and places, including the royal family and court traditions which corresponds to the reign of King Indravarman III (ឥន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី៣). Zhou Daquan was not the first Chinese to enter the kingdom but made the most detailed record of the lives of the Angkorians known as Zhenla Feng Tuji (Chenla Tradition Record). This record is an important record about Angkor and the Khmer Empire. In addition to the stone inscriptions and other documents depicting the daily lives of the residents of Angkor. From this record, the order of kings in the Varman dynasty is known in detail, which later became the original version of the Cambodian royal chronicles.Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris RossabZhou Daguan (2007). A Record of Cambodia. Translated by Peter Harris. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-9749511244.
Monarchs of the Varman dynasty Kingdom Title Reign Notes Funan Kingdom Queen Soma (Liu-Yeh) Funan Kingdom Kaundinyavarmandeva Funan Kingdom Hun P'an-huang Fàn dynasty Founder of Vyadhapura, "city of the hunter king"Hall, K. R. (1982). The “Indianization” of Funan: An Economic History of Southeast Asia's First State. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 13(1), 81–106. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20070472 Funan Kingdom 205–225 Fàn dynasty He was the first king from Fàn dynasty. Funan Kingdom Fàn Jīnshēng 225 Fàn dynasty Funan Kingdom Fàn Zhān 225–244 Fàn dynasty Funan Kingdom Fàn Chāng 244 Fàn dynasty Funan Kingdom Fàn Xún 244–289 Fàn dynasty Funan Kingdom Fàn Tiānzhú 289–357 Fàn dynasty Funan Kingdom 357–410 Murunda Funan Kingdom Kaundinya II 410~434 Kaundinya Funan Kingdom Srindravarman 434~478 Kaundinya Funan Kingdom Kaundinyajayavarman 478 - 514 Kaundinya Funan Kingdom Rudravarman I 514—540 Kaundinya The last Funan King Funan Kingdom Queen Kulaprabhavati 514—517 Kaundinya Claimed to the throne (529—550) Sreshthapura Srutavarman 550–555 Kambuj Sreshthapura Sreshthavarman 555–560 Kambuj Sreshthapura Queen Kambujarajalakshmi 575–580 Kambuj Bhavapura Viravarman 560–575 Bhavapura Chenla Kingdom Bhavavarman I 550—590 Bhavapura First King of the Chenla Kingdom Chenla Kingdom Mahendravarman 590—611 Bhavapura Chenla Kingdom Hiranyavarman I ~611 Bhavapura He reigned at the same time as Mahendravarman. Chenla Kingdom(Isanapura) Isanavarman I 611–640 Vyadhapura Isanapura was found in 618 AD. Annexation of Funan was complete. Chenla Kingdom Bhavavarman II 639–657 Vyadhapura Chenla Kingdom Jayavarman I 640—681 Vyadhapura Chenla Kingdom Queen Jayadevi 690—713 Vyadhapura Sambhupura Sambhuvarman I 713–716 Sambhupura Aninditapura Baladítya Unknown Baladityapura Founder of Baladityapura Aninditapura Visvarupa Unknown Baladityapura Aninditapura Nripatindravarman Unknown Baladityapura Aninditapura Indraloka 716–730 Baladityapura Aninditapura Sambhuvarman II 730–760 Baladityapura Sambhupura Rajendravarman I 760–790 Baladityapura Sambhupura Mahipativarman 790-802 Baladityapura Javanese Kingdom occupied the Chenla Kingdom. Khmer Empire(Indrapura) Jayavarman II 802—850 House of Sambhupura First King of Khmer Empire, declared himself as Emperor at Mahendraparvata. Khmer Empire Jayavardhana 850–877 Sambhupura He reigned the throne at Hariharalaya. Khmer Empire Indravarman I 877–889 Baladityapura He reigned the throne at Hariharalaya. Khmer Empire Yasovarman I 889—910 Yasodharapura Founder of Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Harshavarman I 910–925 Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Ishanavarman II 925–928 Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Jayavarman IV 928–941 Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Harshavarman II 941–944 Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Rajendravarman II 944–968 Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Jayavarman V 968–1001 Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Udayadityavarman I 1001–1002 Yasodharapura Khmer Empire Jayaviravarman (Narapativiravarman) 1002—1010 Yasodharapura Suryavarman I was son of King Jivaka of Shailendra dynasty, who usurped the throne. Khmer Empire Suryavarman I (Kambojaraja) 1002—1050 Shailendra His father was Jivaka (Sujitaraja), King of Tam-bralinga. He claimed the throne through his mother, a royal member descended from Fàn dynasty. Khmer Empire Udayadityavarman II 1050-1066 Shailendra Khmer Empire Harshavarman III 1066-1088 Shailendra Khmer Empire Nripatindravarman 1088–1113 Shailendra He was the last king from Shailendra dynasty. Khmer Empire Jayavarman VI 1082–1107 House of Mahidharapura He usurped the throne from Vimayapura. He was the first king from the House of Mahidharapura. He built Prasat Phimai. Khmer Empire Dharanindravarman I 1107–1113 Mahidharapura He reigned the throne from Vimayapura. Khmer Empire Suryavarman II 1113–1145 Mahidharapura He was the first king from the House of Mahidharapura, who reigned in Yasodharapura. Khmer Empire Dharanindravarman II 1150–1160 Mahidharapura Khmer Empire Yasovarman II 1160–1165 House of Mahidharapura He was seized the throne by King Tribhuvanadityavarman, a Chinese nobleman. Khmer Empire Tribhuvanadityavarman 1165–1177 He was executed during Champa attacked Angkor. Khmer Empire Jayavarman VII 1181~1215 House of Mahidharapura He successfully expelled Champa and established Angkor Thom as the capital. Khmer Empire Indravarman II ~1215-1243 Mahidharapura Khmer Empire Jayavarman VIII 1243–1295 Mahidharapura Khmer Empire Srindravarman 1295–1307 Mahidharapura Khmer Empire Srindrajayavarman 1308–1327 Mahidharapura Khmer Empire Jayavarman Paramesvara 1327–1336 House of Mahidharapura The last King of Cambodia whose name appears on a Sanskrit stone inscription End of rule by the House of Mahidharapura
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