Dato Dr. Charles Joseph Pemberton Paglar (1 September 1894 – 9 December 1954) was a Singaporean surgeon, gynaecologist, politician, philanthropist, and leader of the Eurasian community of Singapore. He was the personal physician and a close friend of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor. During the Japanese occupation, he was appointed the head of the Eurasian Welfare Association, which had been established by the Japanese. This led to his indictment of treason by the British following the end of the occupation. However, the case was later withdrawn and he was acquitted of all charges.
It is believed that, not long after he was acquitted, Paglar successfully convinced Sultan Ibrahim to support the formation of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in May 1946. For his service to the Sultan, he received the Order of the Crown of Johor. Paglar successfully ran for the Changi seat of the Legislative Council of Singapore in 1951. He served in various positions in several boards, clubs and associations, and was a prominent sports patron. Thousands attended his funeral in December 1954.
Early life and education Paglar was born in Alor Gajah, Malacca on 1 September 1894 to a British father from Wigan and an Indian mother. Orphaned at a young age, he was adopted by Alexander John Francis Paglar, a prominent Eurasian businessman in Malacca of German descent. He received his early education at a convent in Penang. He later returned to Malacca and began attending the St. Francis' Institution. He began attending the King Edward VII College of Medicine in Singapore after receiving the Diamond Jubilee Scholarship.
Career After graduating from college in 1917, he remained in Singapore and began working at the Singapore General Hospital as an assistant house surgeon. He served as the medical staff sergeant of the field ambulance unit of the Military Hospital on Pulau Blakang Mati, now known as Sentosa, during World War I. In the 1920s, he set up a private practice in Joo Chiat and established the Paglar Pharmacy on North Bridge Road. In 1926, he left for Edinburgh to study at the Royal College of Surgeons. He graduated with an honours in surgery and midwifery in the following year. He did post-graduate work in Java, Syria, France and England. He also did post-graduate work in gynaecology in Germany, Scotland and Lebanon. He was made the personal physician of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor in 1930 after curing an illness that had left the latter bedridden for several months. He advised the Sultan on the planning and construction of the General Hospital in Johor Bahru. Another client of his was prominent businessman Ong Boon Tat. He was struck off the medical register for "professional misconduct" by the local medical council in 1932. In July 1933, he appealed the decision but was rejected by the Supreme Court. However, he was reinstated on 28 November 1934 following a successful appeal with the General Medical Council in London. He then established the Paglar Surgery on Coleman Street and the Paglar Clinic and Maternity Hospital on Joo Chiat Place. The hospital eventually became the Parkway East Hospital.
In 1937, he accompanied Sultan Ibrahim at the Coronation of King George VI, during which he received the King George VI Coronation Medal, and attended the Afternoon Garden Party at Buckingham Palace. In September 1938, he resigned as the Sultan's personal physician, but stated that he was "always ready to go back to His Highness" if the Sultan was in need of his services. He was also a founding member of the Family Benefit Society. He began volunteering with the Medical Auxiliary Service (MAS) in 1939. In the days before Singapore fell to the Japanese, he was the surgeon-in-charge at the MAS-operated Yock Eng Depot and Casualty Station emergency hospital on Tanjong Katong Road, which was housed in the Yeok Eng School. While there, he provided free treatment for war victims in Tanjong Katong. His daughter Ethel helped ferry casualties to the hospital before being evacuated to Australia with her husband, Stanley Lee, a Royal Naval Reserve officer. Although Paglar could afford to evacuate, he chose to stay in Singapore to look after his patients.
Japanese occupation Following the fall of Singapore to the Japanese, Paglar was made the president of the Japanese-controlled Eurasian Welfare Association. This made him a polarising figure within the local Eurasian community as some began to see him as a "collaborator of the enemy." As the association's president, he was involved in the resettlement of local Eurasians to the failed Bahau settlement. At Emperor Hirohito's birthday celebration, he made a speech in support of the Japanese. He also served as the director of the MAS during the occupation. He made several personal contributions to the Bahau Fund for the Bahau settlement. He frequently gave public speeches in support of the Japanese. On 7 December 1943, the Japanese appointed him the Eurasian Representative of the Consultative Council. During the war, he obtained medical supplies through his friendship with Mamoru Shinozaki, as well as his Japanese patients, which he used to treat local patients. He also made nearly weekly unescorted trips to the Bahau settlement, travelling through Guerilla-controlled roads, to deliver medical supplies. A cousin of his, Donald Paglar, accompanied him on several of these trips as his assistant.
Arrest and trial On 8 September, Paglar, along with 97 other suspected collaborators with the Japanese in Malaya, including leader of the Chinese community in Singapore Lim Boon Keng, Selangor Supreme Court Judge Yong Shook Lin and the president of the Japanese-established Oversea Chinese Association, Choo Kia Peng, were arrested by the British. Although several of the detained, including Lim, were released in December and January, Paglar remained in police custody for preliminary inquiries. He was incarcerated at the Outram Road Prison. Commissioner J. C. Cobbett announced on 24 December that he had gathered enough evidence to bring a charge of Treason against Paglar. A Preliminary Inquiry was to be held from 16 to 18 January 1946. During the inquiry, all of the prosecution witnesses, including Shinozaki, had spoken in Paglar's defence. However, Cobbett announced that he believed that Paglar had a case to meet and that he would frame a charge. He also rejected a bail offer of $2,000,000, which was contributed to by members of the Chinese, Indian and Arab communities of Singapore.
Paglar was committed to stand trial on a charge of treason before the Supreme Court. He appeared in court on 30 January and declared that he was "not guilty" of the charges against him However, another attempt to obtain a bail was rejected. His trial began on 13 February. He claimed trial and the case was adjourned to 16 March, and he was granted bail with two sureties of $10,000. The case was later adjourned sine die. He reappeared at the Supreme Court on 23 March, where he was acquitted of all charges. On the same day, the treason cases against lawyer S. C. Goho and journalist Abdul Samad bin Haji Ismail were also withdrawn.
Post-war career Following the occupation, Paglar reopened his clinic. While he was still incarcerated, he continued to treat patients in his clinic, and a 'court' had to be set up there as he was unable to attend regular court due to his work in the clinic. Not long after his acquittal, he was approached by Dato Onn Jaafar, who was looking to establish the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in opposition Malayan Union. Jaafar hoped that Paglar would persuade Sultan Ibrahim to support the formation of the UMNO. Paglar was apparently successful as the UMNO formed in May at the Pan-Malayan Malay Congress in Johor Bahru. He was given the sixth membership badge of the UMNO. In August 1946, he ran for the position of president of the Singapore Recreation Club but lost to Dr. W. A. Balhetchet, the former Medical Officer in charge of Tan Tock Seng Hospital. However, following Balhetchet's retirement due to ill health, Paglar was appointed the club's president, a position which he continued to hold until his death in December 1954. He received the Order of the Crown of Johor for his service to the sultanate, and was conferred the title of . In the early 1950s, he became a founding member of the Adult Education Board, and established a vernacular school on Wing Loong Road to serve the local Tamil population. He also built a mosque in Punggol to serve the Malay villages in the area and was involved in founding both the Yio Chu Kang Youth Club and the Katong Boys' Club, which he hoped would prevent youths from becoming "loafers". In 1948, he served as the vice-president of the Singapore Boy Scouts Association. He served as the association's president from 1949 to 1951. In 1950, he was made a justice of the peace. He also served as the director of the Chinese YMCA and the vice-president of the Eurasian Association and the China Society.
Paglar was also a prominent sports patron. He supported the Singapore Table Tennis Association, the Singapore Amateur Boxing Association, the Singapore Amateur Weight Lifting Federation and the St John Brigade, and helped fund the construction of a badminton hall on Guillemard Road. He served as the president of the hall's Fund Committee. He served as the vice-president of the Singapore Olympic and Sports Council. He was also a supporter of the Malayan Football Association. In 1951, he was elected the president of the Singapore Amateur Athletic Association. In October 1953, when the Singaporean table tennis team was unable to pay for return passages to Singapore from Tokyo, Paglar donated $1,000 to the team.
In August 1951, he arrived in Manila on a three-week visit to the Philippines and began giving local doctors and officials conferences on tuberculosis. While on the trip, he also visited local hospitals and tuberculosis sanatoriums to study the local methods of combatting tuberculosis. He also met with local scout officials. In the same year, he became a member of the Order of the Brotherhood of St. John of Jerusalem. In 1953, he attended the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, making him the first Malayan to have been present at the crowning of two British monarchs. During the coronation, he also received the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. In 1954, he received both the Brotherhood of Saint John of Jerusalem Long Service Medal and the Boys Scout Organizations Medal of Merit. He was the deputy leader of the Singapore contingent to the 1954 Asian Games. He was also a founding member and the president of the Singapore People's Education Association.
Political career Paglar contested the Municipal North-East Constituency seat of the Legislative Council in the 1948 Singaporean general election as an independent. He stated that he would "champion the cause of the poor and fight for the welfare of Eurasians", support an income tax based on an "equitable rate", provide better housing for the poor, tackle the tuberculosis problem and support the introduction of a state lottery. He came in fourth, behind Mohamed Javad Namazie, John Laycock and M. K. Chidambaram and ahead of R. C. H. Lim, V. P. Abdullah and Lim Chuan Geok, with 13.0% of the votes.