Leipzig-Mitte is one of ten boroughs (Stadtbezirke) of Leipzig, located in the center of the city. It includes numerous architectural monuments. Most of them are located in the subdivision "Zentrum", which is sited inside the Inner City Ring Road and the Promenadenring: the Opera, the Europahaus, the Gewandhaus, the City-Hochhaus at the Augustusplatz, the Wintergartenhochhaus, the St. Thomas Church, the St. Nicholas Church, the New Town Hall, the Old Town Hall at the Markt square, the Leipzig University.

In the southwest of the borough, there is located a part of the Clara-Zetkin-Park and the Federal Administrative Court. In the northern part of the borough, there are Leipzig Zoo and Leipzig Central Station. In the south-east of the borough, there are the Bavarian train station, the Russian Memorial Church and the Alte Messe near the Monument to the Battle of the Nations in the neighboring borough of Probstheida.

The exit Leipzig-Mitte of the Bundesautobahn 14 is situated about away in the north of Leipzig.

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Localities

In Leipzig, the subdivisions of the boroughs are called Ortsteil (localities). In the borough Leipzig-Mitte, there are these 7 Ortsteile:

The locality of Zentrum-Nordwest includes the quarter Waldstraßenviertel. The locality of Zentrum-West includes the quarters of Bachviertel and Innere Westvorstadt. The locality of Zentrum-Süd includes the Musikviertel.

Population On 30 June 2022, the borough Leipzig-Mitte had a population of 69,214.Statistischer Quartalsbericht der Stadt Leipzig 2/2022, in German (Statistic report of the City of Leipzig 2/2022)

History and urban development

The development of today's Leipzig began in the area of today's Mitte borough. In the Brühl area, there was in the 7th/8th century a Slavic settlement, while the urban nucleus was in the area of the German castle (urbs libzi).Ringel, Sebastian (2015), pp.10–11Winkler, Friedemann (1998)Hocquél, Wolfgang (2004), p.10 It was in the area of today's Matthäikirchhof. Not far from there, the long-distance trade routes Via regia and Via imperii crossed in the Middle Ages,Heydick, Lutz (1990), p. 17Künnemann, Otto / Güldemann, Martin (2004), p.8 with the latter still being present in today's street name Reichsstraße.Leonhardi (1799) writes at p. 36 that there lived a family "Reiche", but the 2010 editor of Leonhardi's book mentions that this was not the reason for the naming. Reich is the German word for Imperium

In the 13th century, the city of Leipzig extended only to the north beyond today's subdivision Zentrum and was limited to by the mighty city walls.Ringel, Sebastian (2022), p. 10 Today's Mitte borough, on the other hand, also includes the suburbs, which essentially only developed after the gradual removal of the walls and ditches after the Seven Years' War.Ringel, Sebastian (2022), map at p. 8 and description at. p. 9 Previously, these were due to war events (Schmalkaldic War and Thirty Years' War) almost completely destroyed twice. Until the 1830s, only small areas outside of today's Zentrum were developed. These were limited to the trade routes accompanying the road, which were referred to as Steinweg (stone track).f.e. Grimmaischer Steinweg, Peterssteinweg, Ranstädter Steinweg, see Ringel, Sebastian (2022), p. 12 The city limits were pushed outwards and new gatehouses were built (within the Mitte borough).Ringel, Sebastian (2022), p. 13

The area later called Alt-Leipzig (Old Leipzig) corresponds roughly, but not exactly, with today's Mitte borough. An important prerequisite for the development of its northwestern, western and southwestern areas were the plans of the hydraulic engineers Kohl and Georgi in the years 1852 to 1854 and the subsequent redesign of the Leipzig River Network.Ringel, Sebastian (2022), p. 25 In the course of the 19th century, the extensive public gardens that surrounded the inner city on all sides were gradually subdivided and built on.Ringel, Sebastian (2022), p. 30 This led to a strong structural expansion of the suburbs, whereby Leipzig exceeded the 100,000-inhabitant mark in 1870 and became a big city.Bürgerverein Waldstraßenviertel e.V., p. 17 Due to incorporations, the urban area was soon no longer limited to Alt-Leipzig. In the census of 1895, a distinction was made between Alt-Leipzig with 183,000 people and Neu-Leipzig (New Leipzig) with 207,000 people.Ringel, Sebastian (2022), p. 93 The population density was three times as high as it is today in the borough of Mitte, whose developed structure around 1900 was roughly as it is today.

However, this does not change the fact that, as Sebastian Ringel proves,Ringel, Sebastian (2019) and Ringel, Sebastian (2022) hardly one stone has been left unturned and many buildings have been replaced by new ones over the course of time. Starting with the construction of the main train station, through the bombing of Leipzig in World War II (degree of destruction in the Mitte borough between 34 and 52%)Ringel, Sebastian (2022), p. 199 and the changing reconstruction in the GDR,Topfstedt, Thomas (1992) entire squares and streets disappeared. The increasing number of vehicles per capita in the 20th century and the expansion of roads also led to major changes in the cityscape.

Towards the end of the 20th century, the concept of a city center with few cars prevailed, while the inner city ring road has the highest traffic occupancy in Leipzig after the motorways.Integrated traffic model of the city of Leipzig, traffic concept for the extended inner city, study of traffic on the Leipzig Promenadenring, Power Point presentation on the website of the city of Leipzig (2018) (in German) With the S-Bahn city tunnel opened in 2013, the Mitte borough has received a total of 4 underground train stations.

In 1989, the Mitte district made its place in world history with the Leipzig Monday demonstrations, which accelerated the end of the GDR and the Eastern bloc.

Attractions Churches Propsteikirche, Leipzig St. Peter, Leipzig

Buildings

Alte Handelsbörse Arena Leipzig Auerbachs Keller Barthels Hof Bosehaus Bowling Club Constitutional Court of Saxony Federal Court of Justice Höfe am Brühl Kongreßhalle Leipzig Kroch High-rise Moritzbastei Old St Nicholas School Paulinum (University of Leipzig) Red Bull Arena (Leipzig) Reichsgericht Romanus House Specks Hof

Lost buildings All Saints' Church, Leipzig Altes Theater (Leipzig) Augusteum (Leipzig) Café Zimmermann Leipzig Synagogue Paulinerkirche, Leipzig Pleissenburg Saint John's Church, Leipzig Zentralstadion (1956)

Underground railway stations Leipzig Markt station Leipzig Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz railway station

Streets, squares and bridges Barfußgäßchen Burgplatz Goerdelerring Gottschedstrasse Grimmaische Strasse Hainstrasse Katharinenstrasse Petersstrasse Richard-Wagner-Platz St. Nicholas Church Square St. Thomas Church Square The Saxons' Bridge Zeppelin Bridge

Education and science St. Thomas School, Leipzig University of Music and Theatre Leipzig Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe Forum Thomanum German Central Library for the Blind German National Library HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig

Museums Leipzig City History Museum Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig German Museum of Books and Writing Grassi Museum Leipzig Museum of Applied Arts Leipzig Museum of Ethnography Museum der bildenden Künste Museum of Antiquities of Leipzig University Museum of Musical Instruments of Leipzig University Natural History Museum, Leipzig Saxon Psychiatric Museum Zeitgeschichtliches Forum Leipzig Zum Arabischen Coffe Baum

Cemeteries Alter Johannisfriedhof

Other attractions Leipzig City Harbour Johannapark Rosental Leipzig Botanical Garden Racecourse Scheibenholz Statue of J. S. Bach Richard Wagner Memorial Bust of Richard Wagner The Step of the Century Bridge blasting monument

Events Bachfest Leipzig Dok Leipzig Leipzig Christmas Market

Literature Bürgerverein Waldstraßenviertel e.V., Gründer. Zeit. Geist. Leipzig wird Großstadt 1871, Das Buch zur Ausstellung, o.J., in German (A book regarding an exhibition) Heydick, Lutz (1990): Leipzig. Historischer Führer zu Stadt und Land, Urania-Verlag, Leipzig - Jena - Berlin 1990, , in German Hocquél, Wolfgang (2004): Leipzig. Architektur von der Romanik bis zur Gegenwart, Passage-Verlag, Leipzig, 2. stark erweiterte Auflage 2004, , in German Künnemann, Otto / Güldemann, Martina (2004): Geschichte der Stadt Leipzig, Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen, 2. Auflage, 2004, , in German Leonhardi, Friedrich Gottlob (1799): Leipzig um 1800, kommentierte und mit einem Register versehene Neuausgabe der Geschichte und Beschreibung der Kreis- und Handelsstadt Leipzig (1799), Lehmstedt-Verlag, Leipzig 2010, , in: German Ringel, Sebastian (2015): Leipzig! One Thousand Years of History, Edition Leipzig in the Seemann Henschel GmbH Co. KG, Leipzig 2015, , in English Ringel, Sebastian (2019): Wie Leipzigs Innenstadt verschwunden ist. 150 verlorene Bauten aus 150 Jahren. edition überland, Leipzig 2019, , in German Ringel, Sebastian (2022): Vom Wandel der Leipziger Vorstädte. 300 verlorene Bauten aus 160 Jahren. edition überland, Leipzig 2022, , in German Topfstedt, Thomas (1992): Leipzig: Messestadt am Ring, in: Neue Städte aus Ruinen. Deutscher Städtebau der Nachkriegszeit, Prestel Verlag, München 1992, , p. 182–196, in German Winkler, Friedemann (1998): Leipzigs Anfänge. Bekanntes, Neues, offene Fragen, ed. by Leipziger Geschichtsverein e.V., Sax-Verlag Beucha, 1998, (in German)

References

External links Stadt Leipzig, Dezernat Stadtentwicklung und Bau (ed.), Leipzig-Innenstadt. Städtebaulicher Denkmalschutz 1994-2017, Beiträge zur Stadtentwicklung (Blaue Reihe), issue 61, in German