18th Lok Sabha

The 18th Lok Sabha was formed after general elections were held in India over seven phases from 19 April to 1 June 2024, to elect all members from 543 constituencies of the Lok Sabha. The results were declared on 4 June 2024. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a plurality of seats with 240, followed by the Indian National Congress (INC) with 99 seats With the required absolute majority being 272 seats, having 312 seats, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) coalition formed the government. Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi (BJP) is the Leader of the House and Rahul Gandhi (INC) is the Leader of the Opposition.

Members

Speaker: Om Birla Deputy Speaker: Vacant Leader of the House: Narendra Modi Leader of Opposition: Rahul Gandhi Secretary General: Utpal Kumar Singh On 26 June 2024, Om Birla, was elected as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, defeating the opposition candidate Kodikunnil Suresh, in a voice vote, making it fourth election of Lok Sabha speaker in the history of India. The last time elections were held for the post of speaker was in 1976 during the tenure of the 5th Lok Sabha, with Baliram Bhagat of INC(R) defeating Jagannathrao Joshi of BJS. Birla became the 5th Speaker of the Lok Sabha to retain his post for 2 consecutive terms, after G. M. C. Balayogi, Balram Jakhar, G. S. Dhillon and M. A. Ayyangar.

Panel of Chairpersons +Members of the Panel of chairpersons for 2024 - 2029 term in Lok SabhaSl.noChairperson namePartySeatTerm startTerm endAppointed by1.Jagdambika Pal DomariyaganjIncumbentOm Birla2.P. C. MohanBangalore Central3.Sandhya RayBhind4.Dilip SaikiaDarrang–Udalguri5.Selja KumariSirsa6.A. RajaNilgiris7.Kakoli Ghosh DastidarBarasat8.Krishna Prasad TennetiBapatla9.Awadhesh PrasadFaizabad10.N. K. PremachandranKollamIncumbent

Party-wise distribution of seats +Party-wise distribution with leaders Party Seats Leader in Lok Sabha Leader's seat Alliance 240 Narendra Modi Varanasi 99 Rahul Gandhi Rae Bareli 37 Akhilesh Yadav Kannauj 22 T. R. Baalu Sriperumbudur https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tmc-rebels-seek-real-party-recognition-speaker-delhi-meet-2926495-2026-06-14?utm_campaign= 20 Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar Barasat 16 Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu Narasaraopet 12 Dileshwar Kamait Supaul 3 Arvind Sawant South Mumbai 8 Abhishek Banerjee Diamond Harbour 8 Supriya Sule Baramati 13 Shrikant Shinde Kalyan 5 Chirag Paswan Hajipur 4 K. Radhakrishnan Alathur 4 Abhay Kushwaha Aurangabad 4 P. V. Midhun Reddy Rajampet 3 Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer Sangrur 3 E. T. Mohammed Basheer Malappuram 3 Vijay Kumar Hansdak Rajmahal AD(WPD) 2 Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa Faridkot 2 Sudama Prasad Arrah 2 K. Subbarayan Tiruppur 2 H. D. Kumaraswamy Mandya 2 Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi Srinagar 2 Vallabhaneni Balashowry Machilipatnam 2 Dr. Rajkumar Sangwan Baghpat 2 Thol. Thirumavalavan Chidambaram 1 Anupriya Patel Mirzapur 1 Phani Bhusan Choudhury Barpeta 1 Asaduddin Owaisi Hyderabad 1 Chandra Prakash Choudhary Giridih 1 Chandrashekhar Azad Nagina AIP 1 Engineer Rashid Baramulla 1 Rajkumar Roat Banswara 1 Jitan Ram Manjhi Gaya 1 K. Francis George Kottayam 1 Sunil Tatkare Raigad 1 Durai Vaiko Tiruchirappalli 1 Hanuman Beniwal Nagaur 1 N.K. Premachandran Kollam 1 Harsimrat Kaur Badal Bathinda 1 Indra Hang Subba Sikkim 1 Joyanta Basumatary Kokrajhar 1 Richard Vanlalhmangaiha MizoramRowspan="2"IND1Mohmad HaneefaLadakh 1Umeshbhai Babubhai PatelDaman & Diu 2 N/ABasirhat Shillong NATotal 543 - - - -

Member statistics +Data of members with criminal charges of major parties Party Elected members Members with criminal charges Percent 240 94 39% 99 49 49% 37 21 56% 8 22 13 59% 16 8 50% 12 2 17% 7 5 71% 4 0 0% 4 4 100% 3 1 33% 2 0 0% 2 2 100% 7 7 100% Party-wise The 18th Lok Sabha has members from 41 different parties. Out of the 543 seats of the Lok Sabha, 346 members (~64%) are from the 6 recognised national parties, 179 seats (~33%) are from the recognised state parties, 11 seats (~2%) are from the unrecognised parties and 7 seats (~1%) are from independent politicians. 262 (~48%) have previously served as MPs and 216 (~40%) were re-elected from the 17th Lok Sabha.

Age, gender and religion The average age of the elected MPs is 56 years, down from 59 years in the 17th Lok Sabha. Four elected MPs are of the age of 25, which is the minimum age to contest: Shambhavi Choudhary (of Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) party from Samastipur seat), Sanjana Jatav (of Indian National Congress party from Bharatpur seat), Pushpendra Saroj (of Samajwadi Party from Kaushambi seat) and Priya Saroj (of Samajwadi Party from Machhlishahr seat). The oldest elected MP was T. R. Baalu (of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party from Sriperumbudur seat) at the age of 82, having won the national elections for the seventh time. The number of women was reduced by four to 74 (~14%), considerably short of the 33% which will be required after the Women's Reservation Bill, 2023 is enforced. This Bill will be enacted after the delimitation of constituencies happens after the 2024 elections and next census. About 16% of the total women MPs are below the age of 40. Out of all the women candidates contesting the elections, only 9.3% won. The present Lok Sabha has a husband-wife couple of Akhilesh Yadav and his wife Dimple (both of SP Party, from Kannauj seat and Mainpuri seat respectively). The last time a couple had been elected was in the 16th Lok Sabha. In terms of religion, 24 MPs are Muslims (4.4%), three are Buddhists (0.6%), and the remaining 95% comprise Hindu, Sikh, Christian, and non-religious MPs.

Crime The Association for Democratic Reforms has noted that nearly 46% of the elected members (251) have criminal cases registered against them. Of these, 170 (~31%) have been registered with serious crimes that include rape, murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping, and various crimes against women. Comparing this with the 17th Lok Sabha, a total of 233 MPs (~43%) had criminal charges, with 159 (~29%) had serious crimes registered against them. 27 winning candidates have disclosed that they have been convicted in criminal cases. Four of these cases are related to murder under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and 27 declared cases are related to attempt to murder.

Education As per the self-declared forms submitted before the polls, all of the elected MPs are literate. During the election, 121 candidates had recorded themselves to be illiterates, but none of them won. 78% of members have at least undergraduate education, and 5% have doctorates. Professionally, the majority of them indicated they were social workers or agriculturists, while 7% were lawyers and 4% were medical practitioners.

Assets With regards to economic standing, 93% of MPs hold family assets of more than worth, which is an increase from 88% in 2019. The average assets of all the MPs of the house computes to . TDP member Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani, a doctor and businessman, has declared the highest assets of .

Sessions Lok Sabha usually has three sessions in a year Budget Session (February to May), Monsoon session (July to September) and Winter session (November to December). Following sessions were held of 18th Lok Sabha.

Session Duration Key Events Ref. 1 24 June 2024 - 2 July 2024 2 22 July 2024 - 9 August 2024 3 25 November 2024 - 20 December 2024 https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/parliaments-winter-session-scheduled-from-november-25-to-december-20-101730810331457.html 4 31 January 2025 - 4 April 2025 https://ddnews.gov.in/en/parliament-budget-session-concludes-both-houses-adjourned-sine-die/ 5 21 July 2025 - 21 August 2025 61 December 2025 - 19 December 2025 Winter session 2025.728 January 2026 - 2 April 2026 2026 Union budget of India.816 April 2026 - 18 April 2026 Special session of Parliament of India on delimitation of Lok Sabha seats and Women's Reservation Bill.920 July 2026 - 13 August 2026 Monsoon session 2026.

Proceedings and disruptions Disruptions and adjournments during proceedings were reported to have increased in the 18th Lok Sabha compared to the 17th Lok Sabha.

During the Budget Session of 2026, several opposition members particularly from Indian National Congress entered the vale of the House and moved towards the front benches, where they displayed placards in close proximity to the Prime Minister’s seat. Among those present in the vale during the protest were Jothimani, Varsha Gaikwad, R. Sudha, Sanjana Jatav, Dimple Yadav, Geniben Thakor, Pratibha Dhanorkar, Imran Masood, Kalyan Banerjee and others. The proceedings were adjourned by the Chair, Sandhya Rai, in view of the disruptions.

Subsequently, Speaker, Om Birla commented on the need to maintain order and decorum in the House during parliamentary proceedings. Following the incident, members of the Opposition moved a motion seeking the removal of Birla, however, the motion did not succeed due to minority numbers.

18th Lok Sabha

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