Taleghani (Persian: طالقانی) is a surname which is mostly used in Iran. People with the surname included:
Abdol Majid Taleqani (1737/8–1771/2), Persian calligrapher Azam Taleghani (1943–2019), Iranian politician and journalist Iraj Kalantari Taleghani, Iranian architect Khalil Taleghani (1912–1992), Iranian engineer and politician Mahmoud Taleghani (1911–1979), Iranian theologian Molla Naima Taleghani (died 1738), Iranian Shia philosopher and theologian Vahideh Taleghani (born c. 1953), Iranian politician