The National Prize for Literature (Premio Nacional de Literatura) is awarded biennially, in odd-numbered years, by the , to "books in the genres of poetry, narrative, essay, or theater, written in Spanish or Guaraní, by Paraguayan or foreign authors with at least five years of residence in Paraguay." It was established in 1990 by Law No. 97/90, which also created the National Prize for Science, awarded in even-numbered years. This was updated by Law No. 1149 in 1997.
Its jury is composed of "five people of recognized experience, suitability, and prestige in literature".
Winners receive a sum equivalent to 50 times the monthly minimum wage. , this was ₲114,466,200 (US$).
List of winners 1991: Elvio Romero 1993: (not awarded) 1995: Augusto Roa Bastos 1997: José Luis Appleyard 1999: Hugo Rodríguez-Alcalá 2001: 2003: Carlos Martínez Gamba 2005: Rubén Bareiro Saguier 2007: 2009: 2011: Renée Ferrer de Arréllaga 2013: Alcibiades González Delvalle 2015: Maybell Lebron 2017: Susy Delgado 2019: Maribel Barreto 2021: Susana Gertopán 2023: Moncho Azuaga 2025: Gustavo Laterza
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