The Hurrian pantheon consisted of gods of varied backgrounds, some of them natively Hurrian, while others adopted from other pantheons, for example Eblaite and Mesopotamian. Like the other inhabitants of the Ancient Near East, Hurrians regarded their gods as anthropomorphic. They were usually represented in the form of statues holding the symbols associated with a specific deity. The Yazılıkaya sanctuary, which was Hittite in origin but served as a center of the practice of Hurrian religion, is considered a valuable source of information about their iconography.
Hurrians organized their gods into lists known as kaluti or into similar lexical lists as the Mesopotamians. The formal structure of the pantheon was most likely based on either Mesopotamian or Syrian theology. The status of individual deities and composition of the pantheon could vary between individual locations, but some can nonetheless be identified as "pan-Hurrian."
The following list does not include deities only attested in the two Hurrian god lists whose names are transcriptions of Mesopotamian divine names, as it is unlikely that they were actively worshiped. Identification of the Yazılıkaya reliefs used in the image column follows Piotr Taracha's analysis from the monograph Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia.
Major deities Name Image Attested cult centers Origin Attested equivalencies Details Teššub Kumme, Halab, Irrite, Arrapha, Kaḫat, Waššukkanni, Uḫušmāni Hurrian Ishkur/Hadad (Syrian and Mesopotamian), Baal (Ugaritic), Tarhunna (Hittite) Teššub was the Hurrian king of the gods, as well as a weather deity. In Hurrian areas, as well as in these where the royal families were under the influence of Hurrian culture, he was often also the tutelary god of the ruling house. While it is assumed that he was not necessarily regarded as the head of the pantheon from the very beginning, he likely already acquired this role in the late third millennium BCE. His principal sanctuaries were Kumme, located east of the Upper Tigris, and Halab (modern Aleppo), where he merged with the local weather god Hadad. His name could be written logographically as dIM. A god with a cognate name, Teišeba, was present in the pantheon of Urartu, but his position was different. Šauška Nineveh, Nuzi, Šamuha, Hattarina, Lawazantiya, Tameninga Hurrian Inanna/Ishtar (Mesopotamian), Ashtart (Ugaritic), possibly Anzili (Hittite) Šauška (šwšk or šušk in the Ugaritic alphabetic script) was the main goddess of the Hurrian pantheon in locations like the kingdom of Arrapha, Alalakh and Ugarit. Nineveh was particularly closely associated with her, and in myths she is often called the "Queen of Nineveh." She was regarded as the sister of Teššub, and by extension presumably as a daughter of Kumarbi and Anu, though references to the moon god as her father are also known. Her spheres of influence included war, love, magic and medicine. Šauška's gender could be ambiguous: in the Yazilikaya reliefs, Šauška is present both among gods and goddesses, while in a ritual text "female attributes" and "male attributes" are both mentioned. Her name could be written logographically as dIŠTAR. She was also introduced into the Mesopotamian pantheon, and appears in texts from Puzrish-Dagan, Umma, Isin and Uruk. KumarbiKumurwe Urkesh, Azuhinnu, Taite Hurrian Enlil (Mesopotamian), Dagan (Syrian), El (Ugaritic), Halki (Hittite) Kumarbi was regarded as the "father of gods," and as one of the parents of Teššub. He might have also been the god of grain, though the evidence is inconclusive. His name might mean "he of Kumar," Kumar presumably being a place name, though other proposed etymologies connect it with Kumme, the cult center of Teššub, and with the word kum, "tower." He is also attested as one of the Hurrian deities from Taite in the Assyrian Tākultu ritual, alongside Nabarbi and Samnuha. In myths, he was described as allied with forces hostile to the rule of Teššub: the "former gods" inhabiting the underworld, gods and monsters living in the sea, and a stone giant named Ullikummi, "Destroy Kumme." Ḫepat Halab, Lawazantiya Syrian Sun goddess of Arinna (Hittite), Pidray (Ugaritic) Ḫepat was the wife of the head of the Hurrian pantheon, Teššub. She was initially the wife of the storm god of Halab (Aleppo), Hadad. In some western locations her position in the pantheon surpassed that of Šauška, but in the eastern Hurrian centers she is only present in theophoric names and likely was not one of the major deities. Šimige No specific cult center, attested in sources from Urkesh, Tigunani, Alalakh, Nuzi, Arrapha, Tell al-Rimah and Chagar Bazar Hurrian Utu/Shamash (Mesopotamian), Shapash (Ugaritic), Sun god of Heaven (Hittite) Šimige was the Hurrian sun god. His name means "sun." He also served as a god of oracles.A Hurrian incantation from Mari indicates that he was believed to have seven daughters. His name could be written logographically as dUTU. Due to syncretism between him and Shamash, Aya was adopted into the Hurrian pantheon as his wife, and one text from Hattusa lists Sippar as his cult city. It is also possible that the Hittite Sun god of Heaven was patterned after him, or was outright the same deity. A god with a cognate name, Šiwini, was also present in the pantheon of Urartu. KušuḫUmbu Kuzina (Harran), Šuriniwe Hurrian Sin (Mesopotamian), Yarikh (Ugaritic), Arma (Anatolian) Kušuḫ was the Hurrian moon god. He was also the god of oaths. His name might be derived from Kuzina, the Hurrian name of Harran. In a single text he is named as the father of Teššub. His name could be represented logographically as dEN.ZU or dXXX. It is unclear if Umbu was his alternate name, a manifestation linked to a specific phase of the moon, or a separate moon god originating in an unidentified Anatolian or Syrian pantheon. Origin in the northern part of Jezirah has been proposed, though a Hurrian etymology is also not implausible. In Kizzuwatna, Kušuḫ was syncretised with the Luwian moon god Arma, and they were depicted identically in art. Allani Allatum Ḫaššum, Zimudar Hurrian Ereshkigal (Mesopotamian), Lelwani (Hattic/Hittite), Sun goddess of the Earth (Hittite), Arsay (Ugaritic) Allani ("the lady") was the goddess of the underworld. She resided in a palace located at the gates of the land of the dead. While according to Gernot Wilhelm she was only worshiped in the western Hurrian areas, Tonia Sharlach in a more recent publication points out that Mesopotamian sources seem to associate her with Zimudar, a city in the Diyala area. She is well attested in theophoric names from the Tur Abdin area as well. Išḫara Ebla, Alalakh, Emar, Kizzuwatna Syrian (Eblaite) Išḫara was originally one of the deities of Ebla in the third millennium BCE, and served as the tutelary goddess of the royal family. Later she came to be incorporated into the pantheons of various cultures of ancient Anatolia, Syria and Mesopotamia. She had a variety of functions, including those of a love goddess, guardian of oaths, disease deity and underworld goddess associated with divine ancestors. She was frequently associated with Allani, most likely based on their shared association with the underworld, and they could be worshiped as a dyad. HayyaEa Hattusa Mesopotamian Kothar-wa-Khasis (Ugaritic) Hayya was the Hurrian spelling of the name of the Mesopotamian god of wisdom Ea, who most likely was incorporated into Hurrian religion in the Sargonic period. He was referred to with his Akkadian epithets, such as "lord of wisdom," and played the same role as in Mesopotamia in Hurrian sources. According to Alfonso Archi, his position in the Hurrian pantheon was comparable to that of gods like Kumarbi or Kušuḫ, and to that he held in Babylonia. He is well attested in Mitanni sources. Hutena and Hutellura Ugarit, Halab, Hattusa Hurrian Gulšes and Ḫannaḫanna (Hittite), Kotharāt (Ugaritic), Šassūrātu (Mesopotamian) Hutena and Hutellura were goddesses of fate and divine midwives. It is possible they were similarly believed to be responsible for forming the child during pregnancy. It has been proposed that Hutena means "she of favoring" and Hutellura (or Hutelluri) - "midwife." Piotr Taracha assumes the names might only refer to a pair of goddesses, but it has also been proposed that the term referred to a heptad of deities similar to Ugaritic Kotharāt. It is also possible that Hutena and Hutellura were based on the latter group. Nabarbi Taite Hurrian or Syrian possibly Belet Nagar (Syrian) Nabarbi ("she of Nawar," from Hurrian naw, "pasture") was a goddess worshiped chiefly in the Upper Khabur area. Piotr Taracha argues that Nabarbi is one and the same as Belet Nagar, and therefore believes she should not be considered a Hurrian deity in origin. However, according to Alfonso Archi Nawar from Nabarbi s name and Nagar from Belet Nagar s name were two distinct places. At the same time, he does not rule out the possibility that Nabarbi and Belet Nagar were identified with each other. Nabarbi is also attested as one of the Hurrian deities from in the Neo-Assyrian Tākultu ritual, alongside Kumarbi and Samnuha. Nergal Arrapha, Azuhinnu, Kurruhanni, Ulamme, possibly Urkesh Mesopotamian Nergal, the Mesopotamian god of war and death, was worshiped in various locations in the eastern Hurrian kingdoms, including the city of Arrapha itself. In Azuhinnu he was regarded as the third most prominent member of the pantheon after Teššub and Šauška. He was also worshiped in Ulamme, where he was associated with a goddess referred to as "dIŠTAR Ḫumella," whose identity remains unknown. It is possible that in some cases in the west his name served as a logographic representation of one belonging to a Hurrian god (proposals include Aštabi and Kumarbi), but it also cannot be ruled out that he was worshiped under his Mesopotamian name there as well. Nupatik Lubadag, Lubadig, Nubadig, Nubandag Urkesh, Carchemish, Ugarit Hurrian Nupatik was one of the "pan-Hurrian" gods, but his character, functions and genealogy are poorly known. He appears already in the inscriptions of Hurrian king Atalšen of Urkesh, where his name is spelled syllabically (dLu-ba-da-ga), rather than logographically. He is also present in Hurrian texts from Ugarit, where his name is spelled in the local alphabetic script as Nbdg. Tilla Ulamme, Nuzi, Kuruḫanni Hurrian Tilla was a god worshiped in eastern Hurrian cities in the kingdom of Arrapha, such as Nuzi and Kuruḫanni (modern Tell al-Fakhar). An entu priestess dedicated to him lived in the latter city. Documents from Nuzi indicate he was very commonly worshiped in the east, and he appears in theophoric names with comparable frequency to Teššub. While he is commonly described as a "bull god" in modern literature, there is presently no evidence that he was necessarily depicted as a bull. The only exception is the myth Song of Ullikummi, where he a is one of the two bulls who pull Teššub's chariot, the other one being Šeriš, but in most other sources, such as offering lists, Šeriš is paired with Hurriš, not Tilla.
Minor or local deities