This list is of prehistoric mammals known from the fossil record of the Japanese archipelago. For extant mammals from the area, see List of mammals of Japan (which includes the recently extinct species on the IUCN Red List and its domestic counterpart the Ministry of the Environment Red List). Other species that have gone extinct in historic times and extant species that have been locally extirpated and no longer form part of the fauna of Japan but are known from the fossil or subfossil record are additionally listed at the bottom of this page.

Mesozoic CladeOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesHorizonAge Trechnotheria †"Symmetrodonta" †Spalacotheriidae †Symmetrolestes †S. parvusTsubamoto & Rougier, 2004 Kitadani Formation Theriimorpha †Eutriconodonta †Amphidontidae †Hakusanodon †H. archaeusRougier et al., 2007 Kuwajima Formation †Allotheria †Multituberculata †Eobaataridae †Hakusanobaatar †H. matsuoiKusuhashi, 2008 † †T. reiniKusuhashi, 2008 Eutheria †Asioryctitheria † †S. kawaiiKusuhashi & Saegusa, 2013 Sasayama Group †Zhelestidae †Sorlestes †S. mifunensisSetoguchi et al., 1999 Mifune Group

Cenozoic OrderCladeFamilyGenusSpeciesSynonymsImageAge†Cimolesta †Pantodonta †Coryphodontidae †Coryphodontidae sp. † †Asiocoryphodon sp. †Tillodontia † †Trogosus †Trogosus cf. T. latidens †Higotherium †H. hypsodonMiyata & Tomida, 1998 Proboscidea †Gomphotherioidea †Gomphotheriidae †Gomphotherium † Hemimastodon annectensMatsumoto, 1924 Bunolophodon yokotiiMakiyama, 1938 †Sinomastodon † Trilophodon sendaicusMatsumoto, 1924 Elephantoidea †Stegodontidae †Stegolophodon †S. pseudolatidens Eostegodon pseudolatidensYabe, 1950 Stegolophodon tsudaiShikama & Kirii, 1956 Stegolophodon miyokoaeHatai, 1959†Stegodon † Stegodon clifti miensisMatsumoto, 1941 Stegolophodon shinshuensisFossil Elephant Research Group, 1979 Stegodon bombifronsItsukaichi Stegodon Research Group, 1980 Stegodon cf. elephantoides †Aiba, Baba & Matsukawa, 2010 †S. aurorae Elephas auroraeMatsumoto, 1918 Parastegodon? kwantoensisTokunaga, 1934 Parastegodon sugiyamaiTokunaga, 1935 Parastegodon akashiensisTakai, 1936 Parastegodon infrequensShikama, 1937 Stegodon shodoensis (partim) †S. orientalis Stegodon orientalis shodoensisMatsumoto, 1924 Elephantidae †Palaeoloxodon †P. naumanni Elephas namadicus naumanniMakiyama, 1924 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) tokunagaiMatsumoto, 1924 Elephas indicus buskiMatsumoto, 1927 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) namadica yabeiMatsumoto, 1929 Palaeoloxodon yokohamanusTokunaga, 1934 Palaeoloxodon aomoriensisTokunaga & Takai, 1936 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus setoensisMakiyama, 1929†Mammuthus †M. trogontherii Euelephas protomammonteusMatsumoto, 1924 Parelephas protomammonteus proximusMatsumoto, 1926 Parelephas protomammonteus typicusMatsumoto, 1926 Elephas primigenius matsumotoiDietrich, 1927 Parelephas proximus uehataensisShikama, 1937 Archidiskodon paramammonteus shigensisMatsumoto & Ozaki, 1959 †M. primigenius Sirenia Dugongidae †Dusisiren †Takahashi, Domning & Saito, 1986 †Kobayashi, Horikawa & Miyazaki, 1995 †Hydrodamalis †H. spissaFurusawa, 1988 Lagomorpha Ochotonidae † †A. japonicusTomida, 2012 Rodentia Hystricomorpha Ctenodactyloidea sp. Diatomyidae †Diatomys †D. shantungensis Castorimorpha Castoridae †Steneofiber †Steneofiber sp. †Youngofiber †Y. sinensis Trogontherium sinensisYoung, 1955 †Minocastor †M. godaiMörs, Tomida & Kalthoff, 2016 †Euroxenomys †E. nanusMörs & Tomida, 2018 †Eomyoidea †Eomyidae †Megapeomys †M. repenningiTomida, 2011 †Japaneomys †J. yasunoiKimura et al., 2019 Myomorpha Cricetidae Microtus †M. epiratticepoidesKawamura, 1988 Clethrionomys †C. japonicusKawamura, 1988 Cricetulus Cricetulus sp. Muridae Niviventer Niviventer sp. Rattus †R. miyakoensisKawaguchi, Kaneko & Hasegawa, 2009 Primates Haplorhini Cercopithecidae †Kanagawapithecus † Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalisIwamoto, Hasegawa & Koizumi, 2005 Strepsirrhini †Sivaladapidae †Sivaladapidae sp. Eulipotyphla † † †P. fejfariOshima, Tomida & Orihara, 2017 Soricidae †Shikamainosorex †Hasegawa, 1957 Anourosorex †A. japonicusShikama & Hasegawa, 1958 Chiroptera Yangochiroptera Vespertilionidae †Pleistomyotis †P. longihumeralis Myotis †M. okafujii †M. beppuensis †Desmostylia †Behemotops †B. katsuieiInuzuka, 2000 †Desmostylidae †Ashoroa †A. laticostaInuzuka, 2000 †Desmostylus †D. japonicusTokunaga & Iwasaki, 1914 †Paleoparadoxiidae †Paleoparadoxia †P. tabatai Cornwallius tabataiTokunaga, 1939 †P. mediaInuzuka, 2005 Artiodactyla Suina Suidae Suidae indet. Palaeochoerus japonicusTakai, 1954 †Hyotherium †H. shanwangense Cetancodontamorpha †Entelodontidae †Entelodon †E. gobiensis †Dichobunoidea sp. †Anthracotheriidae †Bothriogenys †Bothriogenys sp. †Bothriodon †B. sandaensisTsubamoto et al., 2007 †Elomeryx †E. japonicus Brachyodus japonicusMatsumoto, 1925 Cetacea †Sinanodelphis †Makiyama, 1936 Delphinidae †Eodelphinus †E. kabatensis Stenella kabatensisHorikawa, 1977 †Norisdelphis †Kimura & Hasegawa, 2020 Pseudorca †P. yokoyamaiMatsumoto, 1926 Orcinus †O. paleorca Orca paleorcaMatsumoto, 1937 †Kentriodontidae †Kentriodon †Guo & Kohno, 2021 †Ichishima, 1994 Monodontidae †Haborodelphis †Ichishima et al., 2018 Phocoenidae †Miophocaena †M. nishinoiMurakami et al., 2012 †Archaeophocaena †A. teshioensisMurakami et al., 2012 †Pterophocaena †P. nishinoiMurakami et al., 2012 †Haborophocoena †Ichishima & Kimura, 2005 †Ichishima & Kimura, 2009 †Numataphocoena †Ichishima & Kimura, 2000 Ziphiidae Berardius †B. kobayashiiKawatani & Kohno, 2021 †Allodelphinidae †Ninjadelphis †Kimura & Barnes, 2016 †Awadelphis †A. hirayamaiMurakami, 2016 †Miophyseter †M. chitaensisKimura & Hasegawa, 2022 †Brygmophyseter †B. shigensis Scaldicetus shigensisHirota & Barnes, 1994 †Eomysticetidae †Yamatocetus †Y. canaliculatusOkazaki, 2012 Balaenidae †Idiocetus †I. tsugarensisMatsumoto, 1926 †Archaeobalaena †Tanaka, Furusawa & Kimura, 2020 †Taikicetus †T. inoueiTanaka, Ando & Sawamura, 2018 †Isanacetus †Kimura & Ozawa, 2002 †Diorocetus †Yoshida, Kimura & Hasegawa, 2003 †Otsuka & Ota, 2008 †Parietobalaena †Otsuka & Ota, 2008 Cetotheriidae †Hibacetus †Otsuka & Ota, 2008 †Joumocetus †J. shimizuiKimura & Hasegawa, 2010 Balaenopteridae Eschrichtius †E. akishimaensisKimura, Hasegawa & Kohno, 2018 Ruminantia Cervoidea indet. Amphitragulus minoensisMatsumoto, 1918 Cervidae †Dicrocerus †D. tokunagaiMatsumoto, 1927 †Cervavus †C. oweni hirabayashiiTokunaga, 1926 †Metaplatyceros †M. sequoiaeShikama, 1941 Axis †A. japonicus Cervus (Axis) japonicusOtsuka, 1967 Axis kyushuensisElaphurus †E. akashiensis Cervus akasiensisShikama, 1941 †E. bifurcatus shikamai Otsuka, 1968 †E. davidianus tamaensis Elaphurus (Elaphurus) tamaensisShikama & Hasegawa, 1976 †E. davidianus menziesianus Capreolus (Capreolina) mayaiTokunaga & Takai, 1936 Elaphurus mayai Cervus †C. (Nipponicervus) kazusensis Cervus (Sika) kazusensisMatsumoto, 1926 Cervus (Deperetia) trassaertiShikama, 1941 Cervus (Deperetia) urbanusShikama, 1941 Shikama, 1936 Cervus (Deperetia) naoraiShikama, 1936 Cervus (Nipponicervus?) takaoiOtsuka & Shikama, 1977 Cervus (Deperetia) shimabarensisOtsuka, 1967 †C. astylodon Muntiacus astylodonMatsumoto, 1926 Cervus (Rucervus) riukiuensisMatsumoto, 1926†C. greyi katokiyomasai Cervus (Rucervus) katokiyomasaiShikama & Hasegawa, 1965 Cervus (Sika) natsumeiMatsumoto, 1938 Cervus (Sika) paleoezoensisOtsuka & Shikama, 1977 †C. kyushuensis Cervus (Rusa) kyushuensisOtsuka, 1966 †C. akiyoshiensis Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensisOtsuka, 1977 †Sinomegaceros † Cervus (Sinomegaceros) yabeiShikama, 1938 Megaceros kinryuensisMatsumoto & Mori, 1956 Megaceros (Sinomegaceros) ordosianus minorKamei, 1958 Giraffa (Orasius?) nipponicaMatsumoto, 1926 Capreolus †Otuka, 1941 Capreolus miyakoensisHasegawa, Otsuka & Nohara, 1973 Bovidae Bubalus Bubalus sp. Bison † Leptobison hanaizumiensisMatsumoto & Mori, 1956 †B. priscus Capricornis †C. (?) nikitini Naemorhedus nikitiniShikama, 1949 Perissodactyla †Hyopsodontidae †Hyopsodus †Hyopsodus sp. Hippomorpha †Brontotheriidae †Brontotheriidae sp. Equidae †Anchitherium †Anchitherium aff. A. gobiense Anchitherium hypohippoidesMatsumoto, 1921 †Ancylopoda †Isectolophidae † †Isectolophus sp. †Chalicotheriidae †Schizotheriinae sp. Tapiroidea †Helaletidae †Plesiocolopirus †P. grangeri Desmatotherium grangeriTokunaga, 1933 † Colodon kushiroensisTomida, 1983 Tapiridae †Plesiotapirus † Palaeotapirus yagiiMatsumoto, 1921 Rhinocerotoidea † †Hyrachyus cf. †Hyrachyus sp. †Amynodontidae †Zaisanamynodon †Zaisanamynodon cf. Z. protheroi cf. †Z. borisovi †Amynodon †A. watanabei †Amynodon (?) watanabeiTokunaga, 1926 Rhinocerotidae †Brachypotherium †B. pugnator Teleoceras (Brachypotherium) pugnatorMatsumoto, 1921 Chilotherium pugnator Teleoceras (?) kaniensisTokunaga, 1926 Teleoceras (?) tokiensisTokunaga, 1926 †Plesiaceratherium †Plesiaceratherium sp. †Stephanorhinus †S. kirchbergensis Dicerorhinus nipponicus [ja]Shikama, 1967 Rhinoceros shindoiTokunaga, 1931Carnivora †Miacidae †Miacidae sp. Feliformia Felidae Panthera †P. youngi Felis youngi Felis †F. microtus †Amphicyonoidea †Amphicyonidae †Ysengrinia †Ysengrinia sp. Canoidea Canidae Canis †C. falconeri Cuon Cuon sp. Nyctereutes †N. viverrinus nipponicusShikama, 1949 Musteloidea Ailuridae †Parailurus †Parailurus sp. Mustelidae Meles †M. mukasianakumaShikama, 1949 †M. leucurus kuzuuensisShikama, 1949 Martes †Shikama, 1949 †Enhydrictis †E. (Oriensictis) nipponica Lutra nipponicaNaora, 1968 Oriensictis nipponicaMustela †M. constricta †M. kuzuuensis Putorius kuzuuensisShikama, 1949 Pinnipedia †Desmatophocidae †Allodesmus †Tonomori et al., 2018 †Kohno, 1996 †A. sinanoensis Eumetopias sinanoensisNagao, 1941 Megagomphos sinanoensis Allodesmus megallosHirota, 1995 Allodesmus sadoensisHirota, 1995 †Allodesmus sp. Otariidae †Thalassoleon †T. inoueiKohno, 1992 †Oriensarctos † Eumetopias wataseiMatsumoto, 1925 Callorhinus †C. gilmorei Otariidae sp. Horikawa, 1981 Odobenidae †Prototaria †P. planicephalaKohno, 1994 †P. primigenaTakeyama & Ozawa, 1984 †Pseudotaria †Kohno, 2006 †Archaeodobenus †A. akamatsuiTanaka & Kohno, 2015 †Protodobenus †Horikawa, 1995 Odobenus †Tomida, 1989

Historical extinctions and local extirpations OrderCladeFamilyGenusSpeciesSynonymsImageAge Sirenia Dugongidae †Hydrodamalis †H. gigas Rodentia Myomorpha Cricetidae Microtus M. oeconomus M. fortis Myopus M. schisticolor Artiodactyla Ruminantia Cervidae Rusa R. unicolor Alces A. alces Moschidae Moschus M. moschiferus Bovidae Bos †B. primigenius Carnivora Feliformia Felidae Panthera P. pardus P. tigris Lynx L. lynx

Fossil species synonymized with extant or recently extinct species OrderCladeFamilyGenusSpeciesSynonymsImageAgeArtiodactyla Suinae Suidae Sus S. scrofa Sus nipponicusMatsumoto, 1915 Sus cf. lydekkeri Perissodactyla Hippomorpha Equidae Equus E. caballus Equus nipponicusShikama & Onuki, 1962 Carnivora Arctoidea Ursidae Ursus U. arctos Ursus tanakaiShikama, 1949 Pinnipedia Otariidae Zalophus Z. californianus Eumetopias (?) kishidaiShikama, 1953 †Z. japonicus Zalophus kimitsensisMatsumoto, 1939

See also

List of prehistoric birds of Japan Land bridges of Japan

References