Nanking Provisional Government cabinet

The Nanking Provisional Government cabinet (), also known as the Sun Yat-sen cabinet, was a temporary cabinet of the republican era of China. The first cabinet assembled following the formation of the Provisional Government on 1 January 1912; it was formed on 3 January 1912 and dissolved on 1 April the same year. It was the first and only cabinet led by Sun Yat-sen, the first provisional President of the Republic of China.

History

On 1 January 1912, Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the Tongmenghui, was inaugurated as the first provisional President of the newly proclaimed Republic of China following the conclusion of the Xinhai Revolution. Two days later, representatives of all provincial leaders approved a list of ministerial heads to be appointed in the first cabinet.刘寿林等编，民国职官年表，北京：中华书局，1995年 The absence of several cabinet members in Nanking (presently Nanjing) delayed the first cabinet meeting, which wasn't held until 21 January. The meeting was hosted by Sun.

On 13 March, Tang Shaoyi, the first Premier of the Republic of China, began the formation of a new cabinet at Peking (presently Beijing). On 1 April, Sun Yat-sen resigned from his position as provisional President. In his resignation letter, written two days after his resignation, Sun stated, "Today (3 April 1912), Premier Tang went southbound and visited me, all ministerial positions in the cabinet were confirmed, and the news has been reported to me at Nanking on 1 April. I hereby resign today (as President)......all cabinet ministers will remain and continue their duties until all new replacements are appointed." All ministers and their respective deputies in the cabinet were subsequently relieved of their duties once the new cabinet was formally appointed.

The Nanking Provisional Government was a presidential government under the leadership of a president. This system was abolished following Yuan Shikai's ascension to power whereby a parliamentary government was introduced in the form of the National Assembly led by a Premier. The changes were made to limit Yuan's presidential powers, making him a figurehead in the government.

Ministries Prior to the formation of the Provisional Government in 1912, the revolutionaries had notified provincial representatives to form local general staffs to unify the military situation during the revolutions in 1911. However, when Sun Yat-sen became provisional President, none of the provincial representatives had arrived to meet him in time, thus when the General Staffs Office was founded on 6 February 1912, Sun appointed Huang Xing as its first chief of staff.

On 3 January 1912, the list of ministers of the first cabinet was approved by all provincial representatives in the new Republic. On 5 January, an inauguration ceremony of all cabinet ministers was hosted by provisional President Sun Yat-sen. Each ministries were founded on different dates after the inauguration of their respective ministers. Their date of founding is listed as such:王耿雄，孙中山史事详录:1911-1913，天津：天津人民出版社，1986年，第130页 Date of founding of each ministries of the Provisional Government Ministries upon founding Date of founding(in ascending order)Headquarter(s)Ministry of the Army陸軍部9 January 1912 -Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部11 January 1912Presidential Palace, Nanking(11 January2 March 1912)Drum Tower of Nanjing, Nanking(2 March 1912 onwards)Ministry of Justice司法部12 January 1912 -Presidential Office總統府 14 January 1912 Commission House, Presidential Palace, Nanking.Bureau of Legislative Affairs法制局15 January 1912 -Ministry of Finance財政部17 January 1912 -Ministry of Internal Affairs内政部 17 January 1912 Jiangnan Municipal Office, Nanking.Ministry of the Navy海軍部17 January 1912Jiangnan Navy Academy, Nanking.Ministry of Education教育部 19 January 1912 -Ministry of Trade实业部 23 January 1912 -Ministry of Transportation交通部 23 January 1912 -General staffs office參謀本部6 February 1912 -

Composition

Overview

Full ministers Key of political parties or affiliations: (4) (2) (1) (3) PortfolioPortraitOffice BearerTook officeLeft office PartyNotesMinister of thePresidential Office總統府總長Sun Yat-sen19121912TongmenghuiAlso assumed position of Provisional President. Resigned in favor of Yuan Shikai.Minister of the Army陸軍部總長Huang Xing19121912TongmenghuiAlso appointed as the Chief of Staffs on 6 February 1912.Minister of the Navy海軍部總長19121912Nonpartisan -Minister of Finance財政部總長Chen Jintao19121912National Progressive -Minister of Internal Affairs內務部總長19121912UnityDuties transferred to Deputy Minister Ju Zheng after declared sick on 1 February 1912.外交部總長19121912 Tongmenghui - Minister of Justice司法部總長 Wu Tingfang 1912 1912Nonpartisan -Minister of Education教育部總長Cai Yuanpei19121912Tongmenghui -Minister of Transportation交通部總長Tang Shoutao19121912UnityNever assumed office.Minister of Trade實業部總長Zhang Jian19121912NonpartisanNever assumed office.

Deputy ministers Key of political parties or affiliations: (8) (2) PortfolioPortraitOffice BearerTook officeLeft office PartyNotesDeputy Minister of the Presidential Office總統府次長Li Yuanhong19121912Beiyang cliqueAlso assumed position of Deputy Provisional President until 6 June 1916.Deputy Minister of the Army陸軍部次長19121912Tongmenghui -Deputy Minister of the Navy海軍部次長19121912Beiyang clique -Deputy Minister of Finance財政部次長Wang Hongyou19121912Tongmenghui -Deputy Minister ofInternal Affairs內務部次長19121912TongmenghuiAssumed full ministerial duties after Minister Cheng De-quan was declared sick on 1 February 1912.Deputy Minister ofForeign Affairs外交部次長19121912 Tongmenghui -Deputy Minister of Justice司法部次長Lü Zhiyi19121912Tongmenghui -Deputy Minister of Education教育部次長Jing Yaoyue19121912Tongmenghui -Deputy Minister of Transportation交通部次長Yu Youren19121912Tongmenghui -Deputy Minister of Trade實業部次長Ma Junwu19121912Tongmenghui -

Nanking Provisional Government cabinet

Bron en licentie