Pedanius Dioscorides () was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, and botanist.

Dioscorides or Dioscurides may also refer to:

Dioscurides (nephew of Antigonus I) (), admiral during the Wars of the Diadochi Dioscorides (Stoic) (), Stoic philosopher Dioscorides (poet) (3rd century BC), Hellenistic epigrammatist Dioscurides (gem cutter) (1st century AD), Roman lapidarist