The 1994 Tour de France was the 81st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began on 2 July with a prologue around the French city Lille. After 21 more days of racing, the Tour came to a close on the street of the Champs-Élysées. Twenty-one teams entered the race that was won by Miguel Induráin of the team. Second and third respectively were the Latvian Piotr Ugrumov and the Italian rider, Marco Pantani.
Miguel Induráin first captured the lead after the stage 9 individual time trial. Chris Boardman was the first rider to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after winning the opening prologue. Boardman lost the lead to Johan Museeuw after Museeuw's team won the stage three team time trial. Flavio Vanzella took the lead away from Museeuw the next day as the Tour made its way into Great Britain. Vanzella lost the lead to Sean Yates after the race's sixth stage. Yates led the race for a single day before losing it to Museeuw after the conclusion of stage 7. Museeuw lost the lead to Indurain after the stage 9 individual time trial, who then successfully defended the lead through the Alps and Pyrenees and to the Tour's finish in Paris.
Indurain became the third rider to win four consecutive Tours de France. In the race's other classifications, rider Djamolidine Abdoujaparov won the points classification, Richard Virenque of the team won the mountains classification, rider Marco Pantani won the youth classification for the best rider aged 26 or under in the general classification after having finished third overall, and Eros Poli of the team won the combativity classification. Festina–Lotus won the team classification, which ranked each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest cumulative time.
Teams
A total of 21 teams were invited to participate in the 1994 Tour de France. Fifteen teams were announced in May, based on their UCI ranking: Although the organisation had planned to give five additional wildcards in June, after the 1994 Giro d'Italia, it was decided to invite one extra team, and six wildcards were given. The team of Zenon Jaskuła, who had finished in third place in the 1993 Tour de France, was not selected. Each team sent a squad of nine riders, so the Tour began with a peloton of 189 cyclists; of these, a total of 117 riders made it to the finish in Paris.
The teams entering the race were:
Qualified teams
Invited teams
Route and stages
The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a short prologue that navigated around the French city of Lille. There were a total of six stages that held many high mountains, while there was only one hilly stage that contained climbs of lesser degree. Eleven of the stages were primarily flat stages. The official route contained four time trials, three of which were individual and one of which was a team event.
The tour visited England for the second time to mark the opening of the Channel Tunnel. Stage 4 began in the Channel port of Dover, running through the Kent and Sussex countryside to Brighton, and Stage 5 was a loop around the naval city of Portsmouth.
Of the stages that contained mountains, four contained summit finishes: stage 11 to Hautacam, stage 12 to Luz Ardiden, stage 16 to Alpe d'Huez, and stage 17 to Val Thorens. The nineteenth stage, an individual time trial, had a summit finish to Avoriaz. The highest point of elevation in the race was at the summit of the Val Thorens climb on stage 17.
+ Stage characteristics and winners Stage Date Course DistanceType Winner P 2 July Lille Individual time trial 1 3 July Lille to Armentières Plain stage 2 4 July Roubaix to Boulogne-sur-Mer Plain stage 3 5 July Calais to Eurotunnel Team time trial 4 6 July Dover (United Kingdom) to Brighton (United Kingdom) Plain stage 5 7 July Portsmouth (United Kingdom) Plain stage 6 8 July Cherbourg-en-Cotentin to Rennes Plain stage 7 9 July Rennes to Futuroscope Plain stage 8 10 July Poitiers to Trélissac Plain stage 9 11 July Périgueux to Bergerac Individual time trial 10 12 July Bergerac to Cahors Plain stage 11 13 July Cahors to Hautacam Stage with mountain(s) 14 July Lourdes Rest day 12 15 July Lourdes to Luz Ardiden Stage with mountain(s) 13 16 July Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Albi Plain stage 14 17 July Castres to Montpellier Plain stage 15 18 July Montpellier to Carpentras Stage with mountain(s) 16 19 July Valréas to Alpe d'Huez Stage with mountain(s) 17 20 July Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Val Thorens Stage with mountain(s) 18 21 July Moutiers to Cluses Stage with mountain(s) 19 22 July Cluses to Avoriaz Mountain time trial 20 23 July Morzine to Lac Saint-Point Hilly stage 21 24 July Disneyland Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées) Plain stage Total
Race overview
The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a brief prologue around the city of Lille. Englishman Chris Boardman set a blistering pace on the course en route to winning the stage by fifteen seconds over the second-place finisher Miguel Induráin. Stage 1 was a relatively flat stage that came down to a bunch sprint that was marred by a large crash. As the riders were sprinting to the finish line, a policeman leaned out to take a photograph causing Wilfried Nelissen to slam on his brakes and crash into the policeman while also taking out Laurent Jalabert in the process. Djamolidine Abdoujaparov ultimately won the stage while Jalabert and Nelissen were forced to drop out of the race due to the injuries they had sustained.
The Yellow Jersey switched riders multiple times through the first eight stages but in the Stage 9 individual time trial Indurain absolutely obliterated the entire field with only eight riders able to keep him within 6:00, and of those riders only Tony Rominger was able to keep Indurain within four minutes. Amazingly a young Lance Armstrong was able to hold onto a top 10 placing through Stage 10, but other than Rominger no one was in a position to threaten Indurain's lead.
As the race entered the Pyrenees in stages 11 and 12 Indurain built on his lead over Rominger who abandoned the Tour in Stage 13. As the race climbed Mont Ventoux and crossed the Alps Marco Pantani and Piotr Ugrumov began to climb through the top 10 as Richard Virenque held onto 2nd place, but Indurain's lead was secure with Virenque more than 7:00 behind.
In the final time trial in Stage 19 Ugrumov won the stage with Pantani coming in second both riders gaining considerable time on Indurain, but by the end of the day it was too little too late for both riders as Indurain's 4th consecutive Tour de France victory was all but secure as he held a commanding lead of 5:39 over the now 2nd place Ugrumov.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1994 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.
The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Eros Poli won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 12. This prize was won by Richard Virenque.
+Classification leadership by stage Stage Winner General classification Points classification Mountains classification Young rider classification Team classification Combativity Award Classification P Chris BoardmanChris BoardmanChris Boardman not awardedEddy Seigneurno award 1 Djamolidine AbdoujaparovDjamolidine AbdoujaparovJean-Paul van Poppel 2 Jean-Paul van PoppelPeter De Clercq Stephen SwartStephen Swart 3 GB-MG MaglificoJohan MuseeuwLance Armstrong no award 4 Francisco CabelloFlavio Vanzella Francisco CabelloFrancisco Cabello 5 Nicola Minali Giancarlo Perini 6 Gianluca BortolamiSean Yates 7 Ján SvoradaJohan Museeuw Eros PoliEros Poli 8 Bo Hamburger Luc Leblanc 9 Miguel InduráinMiguel InduráinAbraham Olano no award 10 Jacky Durand Castorama Gianluca BortolamiJacky Durand 11 Luc Leblanc Massimo Ghirotto 12 Richard VirenqueRichard VirenqueRichard Virenque Richard Virenque 13 Bjarne Riis 14 Rolf Sørensen 15 Eros Poli Eros PoliEros Poli 16 Roberto Conti Hernán Buenahora 17 Nelson Rodríguez Serna 18 Piotr Ugrumov Piotr Ugrumov 19 Piotr UgrumovMarco Pantani no award 20 Djamolidine Abdoujaparov 21 Eddy Seigneur FinalMiguel InduráinDjamolidine Abdoujaparov Marco Pantani Eros Poli
In stage 1, Miguel Induráin wore the green jersey.
Final standings
Legend Denotes the winner of the general classification Denotes the winner of the mountains classification Denotes the winner of the points classification
General classification + Final general classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 103h 38' 38" 2 + 5' 39" 3 + 7' 19" 4 + 10' 03" 5 + 10' 10" 6 + 12' 29" 7 + 20' 17" 8 + 20' 35" 9 + 25' 19" 10 + 25' 28"