Dědice is an administrative part of the town of Vyškov in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. According to archeological findings, Dědice is one of the oldest settlements in Moravia. In the town there is a parish church of the Holy Trinity, in the tower of which there is a protected area, in which Greater mouse-eared bat stays during the summer. There have been military barracks in Dědice since 1935.
Dědice is also the alleged birthplace of Klement Gottwald, who used to have an exhibition hall in Revoluční Street in the so-called "birth house of Klement Gottwald (1954)". This building, to which, after the modifications begun in May 1954 crowds of schoolchildren and workers were bound to go, is publicly accepted by historians after the Velvet Revolution as a place where Gottwald was not born with certainty.
Geography Dědice is located at the southern foot of the Drahany Hills at the confluence of the Velká Haná and Malá Haná streams into the Haná. To the north extends the military training area Březina. To the north rises the highest point of the territory Kozí horka, at .
Dědice borders independent municipalities Radslavice in the northwest and Drnovice in the west.
A significant change in the territorial scope and course of the cadastral border in the north was brought about in the mid-1930s by the creation of a military training area, when Dědice lost a significant part of the continuous forest in this area, on the left bank of the Velká Haná.
Name The name is historically documented in documents and official books from the 12th century. The way of writing changed: (1141) Dedicih; 1278 de Diedicz; 1295 de Tiediz; 1371 oppidi nostri Diedicz..., in Diedycz..., in Dyedycz; 1376 in villa Diedicz; 1381 Dyedycz; 1398 in villa Dyedycz, prope Wysskow 1406 oppidi nostri Diedicz; 1442 market town Dědice; 1482 in the village Dědice; 1492 in the village Diediczych; 1512 from Diedicz; 1531 in the market town Diediczich; 1536 town Diedicze; 1633 Dědice; 1656 ex Dieditz; 1671 rector of Diediczky; 1675 market town, Dieditz; 1708/12 Dietitz, unfortified town; 1718 and 1751 Dieditz; 1880s (I. military mapping) Dieditz; 1846 Dieditz, Dědice; 1850 Dědice = Dieditz (with settlements Hamiltony, Pazderna), character not specified; 1880 small town; 1890 Dědice = Děditz; 1924 Dědice; 1940 Dieditz = Dědice; 1941 settlement of Vyškov; 1945 Dědice, municipality; 1949 settlement of Vyškov.
History
Medieval The first written mention of Dědice is in document issued by the Bishop of Olomouc Jindřich Zdík, originally dated from 1131. The document deals with the transfer of the seat of the diocese from the older church of St. Peter's Church to the newly consecrated Church of St. Wenceslas in Olomouc. The deed lists all real estate of the Olomouc diocese in Moravia. One field from the territorial scope of Dědice (one plow) belonged to the Olomouc church at that time, and thus to the bishop of Olomouc. It was about 18.5 hectares. The document contains the daily date of 30 June, but has no date inscription.
The year 1131 is mentioned in the Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae I, issued by Antonín Boček in 1836, and in the Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae I, issued by Gustav Friedrich at the beginning of the 20th century. Modern research carried out in the second half of the 20th century revised the previous chronology of the charter and moved it to 1141. Although the exact date of the charter is not known, its very existence proves that Dědice was settled before it was written. However, further adjustments to the dating cannot be ruled out, although the opinion postponing the time of the creation of the document to the time around 1135 has not yet been unequivocally accepted.
In 1241, during the campaign against the Tatars, Jaroslav of Šternberk (a fictional figure of the Šternberk family and Moravian history) stopped here. At the end of the 13th century, Dědice was owned by Milota of Dědice (1252–1307), who came from the Benešovici family, who had an abrasion in his coat of arms - a coiled bullet. His name is documented in the form of Milota de Dieditz in the years 1278–1295. From the fact that Milota was written after Dědice in 1278 for the first time, it can be concluded that the heritage castle was built shortly before and that it was the seat where he lived most often.
At the beginning of the 14th century, the Šternberks acquired Dědice. Bishop Albrecht Aleš of Šternberk granted Dědice numerous rights and privileges. Albrecht and his nephew Petr of Šternberk confirmed the fair to Dědice in 1371. The confirmation states that the weekly Monday market took place in Dědice since ancient times. Neighbors were for a certain ransom freed from robots and distant wagon robots (for a salary of 4 hryvnia), and from escheat. Dědice were allowed to use manorial forests older than six years for grazing in places declared to them by burgrave of Dědice. By the fact that they were not subject to escheat, they were free to bequeath their property to anyone. These rights have been revoked and renewed many times over time. In 1381, Petr of Šternberk registered a dowry for his wife Anna on the Dědice estate.
After the death of Peter of Šternberk (1397) Dědice was inherited by his brother-in-law Petr Plumlovský of Kravaře, who in the same year sold in the part of Dědice, which is closer to Vyškov, to the Augustinian monastery 16 fields without a quarter, 6 pubs, 4 seats and 5 levels 941 groschen hryvnia. In 1406, he confirmed the city's privileges to Dědice. In this way, Dědice have since been divided into two parts. After the death of Peter of Kravaře and Plumlov in 1411, most of it was in the possession of his son Jindřich Plumlovský of Kravař, who fell at the Battle of Vyšehrad in 1420. Because he had no descendants, Dědice first passed to his cousin Petr Strážnický of Kravař († 1434), and then to the son of Petr Strážnický of Kravaře, Jiří of Kravař and Strážnice, who in 1442 confirmed the city's privileges to Dědice.
In 1460, King George of Poděbrady confirmed the part of Dědice, Nezamyslice, the Buděcko plant with an oak forest and Laškov to the Lanškroun monastery in Olomouc (the Augustinian monastery of All Saints). The Lords of Kravaře owned Dědice until the second half of the 15th century. After the death of Jiří of Kravaře and Strážnice Dědice in 1466, Václav of Boskovice married a daughter of Jiří of Kravaře and Strážnice Kunka of Kravaře and Strážnice. Kunka of Kravaře and Strážnice bequeathed Dědice to Ladislav of Boskovice. The Boskovics held Dědice until 1537.
Modern age
On the basis of partial contracts between Dobeš Černohorský of Boskovice and John Černohorský of Boskovice, Dobeš acquired Dědice. In 1533 Dobeš changed statute labours to Dědice, Lhota, Opatovice, Rychtářov, and Radslavice, and in 1537 he put his part in Dědice with his serfs, Lhota with the courtyard of the old castle, Rychtářov with a desolate castle, Opatovice and Radslavice to John IV of Pernštejn (sold for 6800 Moravian gold pieces). In 1538, Dědice consisted of two parts, one of which belonged to the Lanškroun monastery from 1397, which moved to Olomouc during the Hussite wars. The second was a permanent fief of the Bishop of Olomouc. John of Pernštejn did not keep Dědice for a long time, and with the consent of the bishop, he sold the farm and the listed accessories (including the desolate town of Hrádek) to John of Doubravka and Hradiště to be a bishop's estate. John of Pernštejn exchanged the farm for a Passau farm. In 1539, John of Doubravka had Dědice transferred to the Bishop of Olomouc, so that these estates became a bishop's estate.
The Augustinian Monastery of All Saints in Olomouc concluded a treaty with the bishop in 1590. The serfs from Dědice were to take beer from the Vyškov brewery for three years, and the monastery was to receive 1 pile of carp in return from the Vyškov ponds. Due to the fact that Dědice revolted against the monastery during the uprising, they lost their privileges.
In 1623, Caesar Nardus of Montepoli, a provost of the Augustinian monastery in Olomouc, restored privileges and escheat to Dědice; limited due to participation in the Bohemian Revolt. The reason for the restoration of privileges was the fear that the inhabitants might move out. Dědice was further freed from the statute labours, with the exception of eight statute labours, which would be specifically commanded to them.
In 1628, Cardinal Franz von Dietrichstein confirmed the privileges of Dědice and appointed statute labours. When the inhabitants of Dědice refused to harvest the manorial grain in 1653, several of them were imprisoned in the Vyškov chateau. After breaking the resistance on 1 August 1653, Dědice undertook to hold these statute labours.
Even the remaining statute labours, consisting of eight days of statute labours in the farmstead of Nezamyslice, were burdensome for the serfs of the monastery in Dědice. Therefore, at their request, in 1634, the provost Andreas Orlík of Lažisko changed them to a salary. In 1679, the privilege was restored by the provost George Karásek.
This part was sold by the monastery in 1683 for 7000 ducats. In 1684, the All Saints' Monastery in Olomouc transferred it to Jiří Protivec Žalkovský of Žalkovice, the owner of the Viceměřice farmstead. In 1732, George Fridrich, John and Milota Žalkovský transferred part of Dědice to Maria Elizabeth, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein, born Princess of Liechtenstein (to the Kojetín estate). Since 1683, a large number of lords have taken over the ownership here (for example, the lords of Utting, the lords of Metternich and others). This part numbered 42 numbers and an inn.
The free farmstead in Dědice was held by Zdeněk Martinkovský of Rozseč († 1646) during the Thirty Years' War. In 1675 there was a free farmstead of Miniatti in Dědice.
The farmstead was in the episcopal part in 1750. In 1784, the farmstead was partitioned. According to the holders, the first part of Dědice was called episcopal or princely and the second monastery, Žalkovská or Vicoměřická. New statute labours were chosen by inhabitants of Dědice in 1777.
Wars had a great impact on the market town. In the 15th century, it was hit by the Hussite movement. An uprising and the Thirty Years' War followed. Dědice was particularly hard hit by the last phase of the Thirty Years' War, the so-called Swedish War. After the Thirty Years' War, the population dropped to just "17 neighbors and 14 widows." The war also brought enormous losses to the economy. Another constant threat was the Turks, who threatened the area. In the 18th century, Prussian troops marched during the Napoleonic Wars. At the beginning of December 1805, the local church was looted by French soldiers. After the Battle of Sadová in 1866, Prussian soldiers invaded Dědice again, chasing the defeated imperial army towards Vienna.
In addition to the wars, Dědice also experienced natural disasters in the form of hail storms, other times it was frosts with a lot of snow (in 1622 even in May). There were also severe droughts or floods, which then caused the main cause of crop failure and poverty. Other disasters included frequent and devastating fires and epidemics (plague, smallpox, cholera, or typhus). In 1830, 46 houses burned down in Dědice.