Klebanov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anatoly Klebanov (1952–2011), Soviet water polo player Dmitri Klebanov (1907–1987), Ukrainian Soviet composer Eugene Klebanov (born 1954), Russian rugby player and coach Igor Klebanov (born 1962), American physicist Ilya Klebanov (born 1951), Russian politician Sam Klebanov (born 1965), Russian/Swedish film distributor and producer