The Cebuano numbers are the system of number names used in Cebuano to express quantities and other information related to numbers. Cebuano has two number systems: the native system and the Spanish-derived system. The native system is mostly used for counting small numbers, basic measurement, and for other pre-existing native concepts that deals with numbers. Meanwhile, the Spanish-derived system is mainly used for concepts that only existed post-colonially such as counting large numbers, currency, solar time, and advanced mathematics.
History Unlike other Philippine languages, the native number system of Cebuano was derived solely from the non-human forms of Proto-Austronesian numerals instead of a combination of both human and non-human numerals, such as in Tagalog and Hiligaynon. The numbers were first recorded by chronicler Antonio Pigafetta during Magellan's expedition. +Cebuano Numbers as recorded by Antonio Pigafetta (1521)12345678910uzzaduatoloupatlimaonompittogualuciampolo
Types The native numbers are categorized into four types: cardinal, ordinal, distributive, and multiplicative (also referred to as "viceral" or "adverbial"). The multiples of ten are formed by attaching the circumfix "ka-ø-an" (e.g. kawaloan). Those that are within the 20-60 range undergo the process of metathesis and syncope (e.g. katloan, from katuloan).
Cardinal
Number Native Spanish-derived 1 usá uno 2 duhá dos 3 tuló tres 4 upát kwatro 5 limá singku 6 unóm says 7 pitó syete, siti 8 waló otso 9 siyám nuybi10napulò, pulòdyis11napúlog usáonse12napúlog duhádose13napúlog tulótrese14napúlog upátkatórse15napúlog limákinse16napúlog unómdiyesiséys, disisays17napúlog pitódiyesisiyete, disisiti18napúlog walódiyesiyotso, disiutsu19napúlog siyámdiyesinwebe, disinuybi20kaluháan (kaduháan)beynte, baynti21kaluháag usábeyntiwuno, bayntiuno22kaluháag duhábeyntidos, bayntidus23kaluháag tulóbeyntitres, bayntitris24kaluháag upátbeyntikwatro, bayntikwatru25kaluháag limábeyntisingko, bayntisingku30katlóan (katulóan)treynta, traynta, trinta40kap-atan (kaupátan)kwarénta, kwarinta50kalím-an (kalimáan)sinkwénta, singkwinta60kan-óman (kaunóman)sesenta, sisinta70kapitóanseténta, sitinta80kawalóanotsénta, utsinta90kasiyámannobénta100usá ka gatóssiyén, siyento200duhá ka gatósdosiyéntos, dosentos300tuló ka gatóstresiyéntos, tresentos400upát ka gatóskwatrosiyéntos, kwatrosentos500limá ka gatóskiniyéntos, kinyentos1,000usá ka libo, libomil5,000limá ka libosingko mil10,000usá ka laksà, napulò ka libodyis mil50,000limá ka laksà, kalím-an ka libosingkwenta mil100,000usá ka yaba, usá ka gatós ka líbosiyén mil1,000,000usá ka yukótmilyón1,000,000,000usá ka wakátbilyón (US-influence, common), mil milyones (rare)
Like other Visayan languages, cardinal numbers are linked to the noun with the ligature ka.
usá ka tawo a/one person kaluhaan ug usá ka bulan twenty-one months
Ordinal Ordinal numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ika- prefix, except una. Likewise, the question word for "what order?" is ikapila.
Number Cebuano 1st kina-unhán 2nd ikaduhá 3rd ikatuló 4th ikaupát 5th ikalimá 6th ikaunóm 7th ikapitó 8th ikawaló 9th ikasiyám10thikanapulò, ikapulò11thikanapúlog-usá20thikakaluháan21stikakaluháag-usá25thikakaluháag-limá30thikakatlóan40thikakap-atan50thikakalím-an60thikakan-óman70thikakapitóan80thikakawalóan90thikakasiyáman100thikagatós200thikaduhá ka gatós500thikalimá ka gatós1,000thikalibo5,000thikalimá ka libo10,000thikalaksà, ikanapulò ka libo50,000thikalimá ka laksà, ikakalím-an ka libo100,000thikayaba1,000,000thikayukót1,000,000,000thikawakát
Distributive Distributive numbers in Cebuano are formed by attaching the tag- prefix to the numerical root. Irregular words may be formed depending on the number being attached to. The question word tagpíla means "How much?" referring to the price of items.
Number Cebuano 1 tagsa 2 tagurha 3 tagutlo, tag-tulo 4 tag-upat 5 taglima 6 tag-unom 7 tagpito 8 tagwalo 9 tagsiyam10tagnapulò, tagpulò11tagnapúlog-usá20tagkaluháan21tagkaluháag-usá25tagkaluháag-limá30tagkatlóan40tagkap-atan50tagkalím-an60tagkan-óman70tagkapitóan80tagkawalóan90tagkasiyáman100taggatós200tagurha ka gatós500tagilma ka gatós1,000taglibo5,000tagilma ka libo10,000taglaksà, tagnapulò ka libo50,000tagilma ka laksà, tagkalím-an ka libo100,000tagyaba1,000,000tagyukót1,000,000,000tagwakát
Multiplicative Multiplicative (or viceral) numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ka- prefix. The prefixes "naka-" and "maka-" may also be used to specify if the number is used in the nasugdan or pagasugdan aspect, respectively. The question word for this is kapila.
Number Cebuano 1 (once) kausá, kás-a 2 (twice) kaduhá 3 (thrice) katuló 4 kaupát 5 kalimá 6 kaunóm 7 kapitó 8 kawaló 9 kasiyám10kanapulò, kapulò11kanapúlog-usá20kakaluháan21kakaluháag-usá25kakaluháag-limá30kakatlóan40kakap-atan50kakalím-an60kakan-óman70kakapitóan80kakawalóan90kakasiyáman100kagatós200kaduhá ka gatós500kalimá ka gatós1,000kalibo5,000kalimá ka libo10,000kalaksà, kanapulò ka libo50,000kalimá ka laksà, kakalím-an ka libo100,000kayaba1,000,000kayukót1,000,000,000kawakát
See also Cebuano language Cebuano grammar
References