Textual variants in the Epistle of Jude

Textual variants in the Epistle of Jude are the subject of textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatusAdam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707) which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154 Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113

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Textual variants

Insciptio Ιουδα καθολικη επιστολη (Catholic Epistle of Jude) — 18 Ιουδα (Jude) — אc Bc omit — א* B* Ιουδα επιστολη (Epistle of Jude) — A rell

Jude 1:1 Ιησου Χριστου δουλος — ‭א A B K L P Ψ 056 0142 5 18 3 35 61 81 88 93 254 307 323 326 436 442 453 621 623 630 665 909 915 1241 1243 1409 1505 1611 1678 1739 1837 1845 1852 1875 2200 2298 2344 2805 𝔐 Lect Χριστου Ιησου — K P 049 6 181 431 468 808 1501 1836 2374 δουλος Ιησου Χριστου — 1881 Χριστου δουλος — 1067

Jude 1:1 τοις — ‭א A B K L P Ψ 049 056 0142 5 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307* 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1175 1409 1501 1678 1735 1836 1837 1844 1845 1846 1875 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect lat cop (eth) geo slav Origen Lucifer Augustine (Cassiodorus) τοις εθνεσιν — 6 307c 322 323 945 1241 1243 1292 1505 1611 1739 1881 2138 syr arm

Jude 1:1 ηγαπημενοις — ‭א A B Ψ 5 81 88 326mg 330 436 442 451 468 621 623 629 630 915 1067 1241 1243 1292 1409 1505 1611 1739 1845 1846 2138 2200 2298 2344 2492 2495 2805 𝑙 𝑙 lat syr cop arm eth geo Origen Lucifer Ephraem Augustine Ps-Athanasius Ps-Oecumenius Cassiodorus Theophylactcomm ηγιασμενοις — K L P 049 056 0142 6 18 35 61 93 104 181 254 307 322 323 326 424 431 453 614 665 808 909 945 1175 1501 1678 1735 1836 1837 1844 1875 1877 1881 2127 2374 2412 𝔐 Lect slav Theophylact ηγαποιμενοις — 1241 electis — Hilary

Jude 1:1 και Ιησου Χριστω τετηρημενοις — ‭א A B L P 049 056 0142 5 6 18 81 35 1307 322 323 326 436 454 468 623 808 909 945 1067 1241 1243 1409 1501 1678 1739 1837 1845 1846 1852vid 1881 2298 2344 𝔐 Lectpt itar vgmss cop (eth) slav Origen Lucifer Augustine (Cassiodorus) και Ιησου Χριστου τετηρημενοις — K 93 181 254 431 665 1175 1735 1836 1844 2374 𝑙 𝑙(1/2) 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 και Χριστου Ιησου τετηρημενοις — 1852 και Χριστω Ιησου τετηρημενοις — Ψ 442 621 2805 𝑙 vgmss syr arm geo και εν Χριστω Ιησου τετηρημενοις — 61 88 915 omit — 630 1292 1505 1611 1875 2138 2200 syr

Jude 1:2 και ειρηνη και αγαπη — ‭א A B L P Ψ 049 5 6 18 35 81 93 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 665 808 909 1067 1241 1243 1409 1501 1678 1739 1837 1845 1875 1881 2298 2344 2374 𝔐 Lect ειρηνη και αγαπη — K 056 0142 και ειρηνη εν κυριω και αγαπη — 630 1506 1611 2200 και αγαπη και ειρηνη — 33vid 61 και ειρηνη — 88 181 915 1836 2805

Jude 1:3 ποιουμενος — ‭א Ψc A B C K L P 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33vid 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1241 1243 1409 1505 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344vid 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect ποιουμενοι — Ψ* ποιησαμενος — 1501

Jude 1:3 γραφειν — A B C K L P 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33vid 35 61 81 88 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 623 630 808 909 915 1067 1243 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344vid 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect του γραφειν — ‭א Ψ τουτο γραφειν — 93 665 γραφω — 621 1241

Jude 1:3 ημων — ‭א A B Ψ 5 61 81 88 93 307 322 323 326 431 436 442 453 614 621 623 630 665 915 1067 1243 1292 1409 1611 1678 1735 1739 1837 1845 1846 2138 2200 2344vid 2412 𝑙 𝑙 vgmss syr copsa arm eth geo slav Lucifer Cyril Bede Theophylact ημετερας — 𝑙 σωτηριας ημων — 𝑙 υμων — 6 104 254 1505 1844 1881 2298 2495 2805 it vgmss copbo Hilary Ephraem omit — K L P 049 056 0142 18 35 181 330 451 468 629 808 909 945 1175 1501 1836 1877 1875 2127 2492 2374 𝔐 Lectpt Ps-Oecumenius Cassiodorus

Jude 1:3 σωτηριας — A B C K L P 049 056 0142 5 6 18 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1243 1409 1501 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344vid 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect ζωης — 1505 1611 syr eth σωτηριας και ζωης — ‭א Ψ

Jude 1:3 γραψαι — A B C K L P 049 056 0142 5 6 18 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1241 1243 1409 1501 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2806 𝔐 Lect γραφειν — ‭א Ψ 1505

Jude 1:3 επαγωνιζεσθαι — ‭א B C K L P Ψ 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 1067 1241 1243 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1852vid 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2806 𝔐 Lect επαγωνιζεσθε — A 93 915

Jude 1:3 παραοθειση πιστει — * παραδοθειση — c ‭א A B C K L P Ψ 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665mg 808 909 915 1067 1243 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2806 𝔐 Lect παραδοθησει — 1241 περιδοθειση — 431 δοθειση — 665

Jude 1:4 παρεισεδυσαν — ‭א A K L P Ψ 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1241 1243 1409 1501 1505vid 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1852vid 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect παρεισεδυησαν — B Cvid παρεδυσαν — 1067

Jude 1:4 οι και — ‭א οι — rell

Jude 1:4 προγεγραμενοι — προγεγραμμενοι — rell

Jude 1:4 κριμα — c ‭א A B Cvid K L P 049 056 0142 0251vid 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1241 1243 1409 1501 1505vid 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 𝑙 κρισμα — * κηρυγμα — Ψ

Jude 1:4 τη — * την — rell

Jude 1:4 χαριτα — A B χαριν — ‭א C K L P Ψ 049 056 0142 0251vid 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1241 1243 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1852 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect

Jude 1:4 νομον — * omit — c μονον — rell

Jude 1:4 δεσποτην — ‭א A B C 0251 6 33 61 81 93 307 322 323 326* 326c 431 436 442 453* 621 808 1067 1241 1243 1409 1678 1739 1837 1845 1846 1881 2344 2805 Lectpt lat cop arm eth geo Lucifer Didymus Cyril ημων δεσποτην — δεσποτην θεον — K L P Ψ 049 056 0142 5 18 35 88 181 254 326c 453c 468 623 630 665 909 915 945 1175 1292 1501 1505 1611 1735 1836 1844 1875 2138 2200 2298 2374 𝔐 Lectpt syr slav δεσποτην και θεον — 𝑙pt θεον — 𝑙

Jude 1:4 κυριον — και κυριον — rell

Jude 1:4 Ιησουν Χριστον ημων — υμων Ιησουν Χριστον — 1241 ημων Ιησουν Χριστον — ‭א A B C K L Ψ 049 0142 0251vid 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 93 254 307 322 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 945 1067 1175 1243 1292 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1735 1739 1844 1845 1846 2138 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect itar vgmss syr cop arm eth geo slav (Lucifer) Didymus Cyril ημων Ιησουν — 1837 Ιησουν Χριστον — 88 181 915 1836 1875 1881 𝑙 𝑙 vgmss

Jude 1:5 δε — ‭א A B K L 049 056 0142 0251 5 18 33 35 61 81 88 181 254 307 326 431 436 442 468 621 623 630 808 909 915 1067 1409 1505 1611 1678 1836 1837 1845 1875 2200 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect ουν — C Ψ 6 93 323 665 1241 1243 1501 1739 2298 Lucifer omit — 1881 copbomss

Jude 1:5 ειδοτας τουτο υμας — 0142 ειδοτας υμας — ‭א B K L 049 056 18 35 181 254 326 431 468 909 1836 1837 1875 2374 𝔐 Lect ιδοντας — 33* ειδωτας — 1241 ειδοτας — A C Ψ 0251 5 6 33c 61 81 88 93 307 323 436 442 453 621 623 630 665 808 915 1067 1243 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1739 1845 1881 2200 2344 2805 𝑙 lat ειδοτας ημας — 2298

Jude 1:5 παντα απαξ γαρ Ιησους — 1739mg απαξ παντα οτι Ιησους — A B 33 81 2344 itdem,div vgmss (eth) Jerome απαξ παντα οτι κυριος — Ephraem απαξ τουτο οτι ο θεος — 5 623mg απαξ παντα οτι ο θεος — Cc 623 2805 vgms (slav) απαξ παντας οτι θεος Χριστος — * απαξ παντα οτι θεος Χριστος — c παντα οτι κυριος απαξ — א Ψ παντα οτι ο κυριος απαξ — C* 307 326 431 436 453 630 808 1505 1611 2138 2200 2412 2495 syr παντα οτι ο θεος — Lucifer παντα οτι ο θεος απαξ — 442 621 1243 1845 1846 2492 𝑙 itp vgmss syr arm geo Clementvid παντα οτι Ιησους — Cyril παντα οτι Ιησους απαξ — 6 93 322 323 665 1241 1501 1739 1881 2298 itar,c cop Origenper 1739 παντα οτι ο Ιησους απαξ — 88 915 απαξ οτι ο κυριος — 1409 απαξ τουτο οτι ο κυριος — L 049 18 35 61 104 181 254 307 326 330 431 436 451 453 629 808 (909) 945 1067 1175 1292 1678 1836 1837 1844 (1875) 1877 2127 2374 𝔐 Lectpt Ps-Oecumenius Theophylact απαξ τουτο οτι Χριστος Ιησους — 1735 𝑙 τουτο απαξ οτι ο κυριος — K 056 𝑙 απαξ τουτο υμας οτι ο κυριος — 0142

Jude 1:6 τε — ‭א B C K L Ψ 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 254 307 323 326 436 442 453 468 623 630 665 808 909 915 1241 1243 1409 1678 1739 1837 1845 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect δε — A 18 431 621 1067 1501 1505 1611 1836 1875

Jude 1:7 Γομορρα — ‭א A B C K L Ψ 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect Γομορα — 1241 1243 1852 2344

Jude 1:7 τροπον τουτοις — ‭א A B C 5 33 35* 61 81 93 323 326 431 442 621 623 630 665 1241 1243 1505 1611 1739 1837 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝑙 τουτοις τροπον — K L 049 056 6 18 35c 254 307 436 453 468 808 909 1067 1501 1678vid 𝔐 Lect τροπον αυτοις — Ψ αυτοις τροπον — 0142 1409 τροπον — 88 181 915 1836 1845 1875

Jude 1:7 εκπορνευσασαι — c ‭א A B C K L Ψ 049 056 0142mg 5 6 18 33c 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 1067 1241 1501 1505 1611 1678 1739 1836 1837 1845 1875 1881 2200 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect εκπορνευσασθαι — * 1243 εκπορρνευσασαι — 33* εκπορευσασαι — 0142 ακολουθησασαι — 1409

Jude 1:7 υπεχουσαι — B C K L Ψ 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 254 307 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 665 808 909 915 1067 1241 1243 1409 1501 1505 1678 1739 1836 1837 1875 1881 2298 2344 2374 2805 𝔐 Lect υπερεχουσαι — A επεχουσαι — 630 1611 2200 ουκ εχουσιν — ‭א* υπεχουσιν — ‭אc απεχουσαι — 181 υπαρχουσαι — 1845

Jude 1:8 αυτοι — ουτοι — rell

Jude 1:8 κυριοτητα — A B C K L 049 056 0142 5 6 18 33 35 61 81 88 93 181 254 307 322 323 326 431 436 442 453 468 621 623 630 665 808 909 915 945 1067 1175 1243 1292 1409 1501 1505 1611 1678 1735 1739 1836 1837 1844 1875 1881 2138 2200 2298 2344 2374 𝔐 Lect lat syr copbo eth geo Clement Origengr Lucifer Epiphanius Jerome κυριωτητα — 1241 κυριοτητας — ‭א Ψ 1845 1846 2805 vgms copsa arm slav Origenlat Priscillian

Jude 1:8