Khilkov is a surname of Russian origin.
Notable members Andrey Khilkov (1676–1716), Prince, Russian diplomat and ambassador Dmitry Khilkov (1858–1914), Prince, military and later a peace activist Mikhail Khilkov (1834–1909), Prince, Russian railroad executive Stepan Khilkov (1785–1854), Prince, eldest son of Prince Alexander Jacobovich Khilkoff and military commander