This list of impact structures (including impact craters) on Earth contains the majority of the 194+ confirmed impact structures given in the Earth Impact Database as of 2024.
Alphabetical lists for different continents can be found under Impact structures by continent below.
Unconfirmed structures can be found at List of possible impact structures on Earth.
Confirmed impact structures listed by size and age These features were caused by the collision of meteors (consisting of large fragments of asteroids) or comets (consisting of ice, dust particles and rocky fragments) with the Earth. For eroded or buried craters, the stated diameter typically refers to the best available estimate of the original rim diameter, and may not correspond to present surface features. Time units are either in ka (thousands) or Ma (millions) of years.
10 ka or less Less than ten thousand years old, and with a diameter of or more. The EID lists fewer than ten such craters, and the largest in the last 100,000 years (100 ka) is the Rio Cuarto crater in Argentina.Bland, Phil A.; de Souza Filho, C. R.; Timothy Jull, A. J.; Kelley, Simon P.; Hough, Robert Michael; Artemieva, N. A.; Pierazzo, E.; Coniglio, J.; Pinotti, Lucio; Evers, V.; Kearsley, Anton; (2002); "A possible tektite strewn field in the Argentinian Pampa", Science, volume 296, issue 5570, pp. 1109–12 However, there is some uncertainty regarding its origins and age, with some sources giving it as < 10 kaSchultz, Peter H.; Lianza, Ruben E. (1992) "Recent grazing impacts on the Earth recorded in the Rio Cuarto crater field, Argentina", Nature 355, pp. 234–37 (16 January 1992) while the EID gives a broader < 100 ka.
The Kaali impacts () during the Nordic Bronze Age may have influenced Estonian and Finnish mythology, the Campo del Cielo () could be in the legends of some Native Argentine tribes, while Henbury () has figured in Australian Aboriginal oral traditions.
NameLocationCountryDiameter(km)Age(ka)DateCoordinatesJinlinGuangdong ProvinceChina0.9<10WabarRub' al Khali desertSaudi Arabia0.10.2Dalgaranga Western AustraliaAustralia0.024less than 3?WhitecourtAlbertaCanada0.041.1KaaliSaaremaaEstonia0.13.5Campo del CieloChacoArgentina0.14.5HenburyNorthern TerritoryAustralia0.24.7MoraskoPoznańPoland0.15.0BoxholeNorthern TerritoryAustralia0.25.4MachaSakha RepublicRussia0.37.3LunaGujaratIndia1.5–1.8less than 6.9< 5000 BC
The EID gives a size of about for Campo del Cielo, but other sources quote .
10 ka to 1 Ma From between 10 thousand years and one million years ago, and with a diameter of less than : NameLocationCountryDiameter(km)Age(ka)CoordinatesWolfe CreekWestern AustraliaAustralia0.9Hickman0.2610–100Kalkkop Eastern CapeSouth Africa0.64~250Jeokjung-Chogye BasinGyeongsangnamSouth Korea830–63MonturaquiAtacama DesertChile0.455PantasmaJinotegaNicaragua14804AmguidTamanrassetAlgeria0.4510–100Aorounga CentralBorkouChad16Possibly 500
From between ten thousand years and one million years ago, and with a diameter of or more. The largest in the last one million years is the Zhamanshin crater in Kazakhstan and has been described as being capable of producing a nuclear-like winter.Essay "Impact Cratering on Earth", based on:
The source of the enormous Australasian strewnfield (c. 780 ka) is a currently undiscovered crater probably located in Southeast Asia.Povenmire, Harold; Liu, W.; Xianlin, Luo (1999) "Australasian tektites found in Guangxi Province, China", in Proceedings of the 30th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, March 1999Glass, Billy P.; Pizzuto, James E. (1994) "Geographic variation in Australasian microtektite concentrations: Implications concerning the location and size of the source crater", Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 99, no. E9, 19075–81, September 1994
NameLocationCountryDiameter(km)Age(ka)CoordinatesYilanHeilongjiangChina1.85Meteor/BarringerArizonaUnited States1.2XiuyanXiuyanChina1.8LonarMaharashtraIndia1.8AgoudalAtlas MountainsMorocco3.0TswaingPretoria SaltpanSouth Africa1.1ZhamanshinKazakhstanKazakhstan14.0
1 Ma to 10 Ma
From between 1 and 10 million years ago. The large but apparently craterless Eltanin impact (2.5 Ma) into the Pacific Ocean has been suggested as contributing to the glaciations and cooling during the Pliocene.
NameLocationCountryDiameter(km)Age(Million years) CoordinatesTenoumerSahara DesertMauritania1.9BosumtwiAshantiGhana10New Quebec/Pingualuit QuebecCanada3.41.4 ± 0.1El'gygytgynChukotka Autonomous OkrugRussia18BigachKazakhstanKazakhstan8KarlaTatarstanRussia10Alhama de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain228Roter KammKarasNamibia2.43.8 ± 0.3TalemzaneDjelfaAlgeria1.6< 3TsenkherGobi-AltaiMongolia3.74.9 ± 0.9Aouelloul AdrarMauritania0.393.1 ± 0.3
10 Ma or more Most recorded impact craters are over 10 million years old, or have widely uncertain ages. The Chicxulub impact has been widely considered the most likely cause for the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction, and the Manicouagan impact has been less definitively linked to the Adamanian-Revueltian turnover and a possible marine extinction event. Some scholars have linked other impacts like the Popigai impact in Russia and the Chesapeake Bay impact to later extinction events, though the causal relationship has been questioned.
NameLocationCountryDiameter (km)Age (million years)CoordinatesVredefortFree StateSouth AfricaChicxulubYucatánMexicoSudburyOntarioCanadaPopigaiSiberiaRussiaManicouaganQuebecCanadaAcramanSouth AustraliaAustraliaMorokwengKalahari DesertSouth AfricaKaraNenetsiaRussiaBeaverheadIdaho and MontanaUnited StatesTookoonookaQueenslandAustralia66121.8–123.8CharlevoixQuebecCanadaSiljan RingDalarnaSweden65–75380.9 ± 4.6KarakulPamir MountainsTajikistanless than 60MontagnaisNova ScotiaCanadaAraguainhaCentral BrazilBrazilChesapeake BayVirginiaUnited StatesMjølnirBarents SeaNorwayPuchezh-KatunkiNizhny Novgorod OblastRussiaSaint MartinManitobaCanadaWoodleighWestern AustraliaAustraliaCarswellSaskatchewanCanadaClearwater WestQuebecCanadaMansonIowaUnited StatesHiawathaGreenlandDenmarkSlate IslandsOntarioCanadaYarrabubbaWestern AustraliaAustraliaKeurusselkäWestern FinlandFinlandShoemakerWestern AustraliaAustraliaMistastinNewfoundland and LabradorCanadaClearwater EastQuebecCanadaKamenskSouthern Federal DistrictRussiaSteen RiverAlbertaCanadaStrangwaysNorthern TerritoryAustraliaTunnunikNorthwest TerritoriesCanadaBoltyshKirovohrad OblastUkraineNördlinger RiesBavaria, Baden-WürttembergGermanyPresqu'îleQuebecCanadaHaughtonNunavutCanada LappajärviWestern FinlandFinland RochechouartFranceFrance Cerro do JarauRio Grande do SulBrazil13.5less than 135CleanskinNorthern TerritoryAustralia15Amelia CreekNorthern TerritoryAustraliaAvakAlaskaUnited States1090-94AmesOklahomaUnited States16Beyenchime-SalaatinSakhaRussia8Likely less than 66BPCyrenaicaLibya3.2less than 120BrentOntarioCanada3.4CalvinMichiganUnited States8.5Chiyli AktobeKazakhstan5.5Chukcha TaymyrRussia6less than 70Cloud CreekWyomingUnited States7ColoniaSão PauloBrazil3.6Connolly BasinWestern AustraliaAustralia9CoutureQuebecCanada8Crooked CreekMissouriUnited States7Decaturville6less than 323DecorahIowaUnited States5.6Deep BaySaskatchewanCanada13DellenGavleborgsSweden19Des PlainesIllinoisUnited States8less than 299DhalaMadhya PradeshIndia11DobeleDobeleLatvia4.5DouglasWyomingUnited States16Eagle ButteAlbertaCanada8less than 65ElbowSaskatchewanCanada3.8FlaxmanSouth AustraliaAustralia1034–541Flynn CreekTennesseeUnited States3.8~382FoelscheNorthern TerritoryAustralia6520–1496GardnosBuskerudNorway5546 ± 5GlasfordIllinoisUnited States4453–457GliksonWestern AustraliaAustralia19less than 513Glover BluffWisconsinUnited States8less than 485Goat PaddockWestern AustraliaAustralia548–56Gosses BluffNorthern TerritoryAustralia165–383GowSaskatchewanCanada4196.8 ± 9.9GoyderNorthern TerritoryAustralia7150–1325GranbyOstergotlandSweden3478–468Gweni-FadaEnnediChad22less than 383HollefordOntarioCanada2.35450–650HummelnSmåland Sweden1.2~465Ile RouleauQuebecCanada4less than 300IlkurlkaWestern AustraliaAustralia12"Middle Cambrian"IlyinetsVinnytsiaUkraine4.5445 ± 10Iso-NaakkimaMikkeliFinland3900–1200Jake Seller DrawWyomingUnited States4.3280JänisjärviKareliaRussia14687 ± 5Jabel Waqf as SuwwanMa'anJordan5.52.6–30KalugaKalugaRussia15383–394KamenetskMykolaivUkraine1.211.63–2100KardlaHiiuEstonia4~455KarikkoselkäCentral FinlandFinland2.1–2.4230–260Kelly WestNorthern TerritoryAustralia6.6500–1640KentlandIndianaUnited States7less than 97KgagodiCentral DistrictBotswana3.4less than 180KurskKurskRussia5.5163–359La MoinerieQuebecCanada8453 ± 5Lake RaesideWestern AustraliaAustralia1134–250Lawn HillQueenslandAustralia16.8476 ± 8LiverpoolNorthern TerritoryAustralia1.6541–1870LockneJämtlandSweden13.5 ~455LoganchaSiberiaRussiaLogoiskMinskBelarus1730 ± 0.5LuiziKatangaDem. Rep. of the Congo15less than 573LumparnSouthwest FinlandFinland10less than 458MalingenJämtlandSweden0.7~455Maple CreekSaskatchewanCanada5.75less than 72MarquezTexasUnited States12.758.3 ± 3.1Matt WilsonNorthern TerritoryAustralia7.5 less than 1344MiddlesboroKentuckyUnited States5.5 less than 299MienKronobergSweden7120 ± 1Mishina GoraPskovRussia2.5less than 360MizaraiAlytusLithuania5480–520Mount ToondinaSouth AustraliaAustralia4less than 125NeugrundHarjuEstonia20530–540NewporteNorth DakotaUnited States3.2480–500NicholsonNorthwest TerritoriesCanada12.5387 ± 5Nova ColinasMaranhaoBrazil7UnknownOasisKufraLibya18less than 120Obolon'Poltava OblastUkraineOra BandaWestern AustraliaAustralia5100OuarkzizTindoufAlgeria365–345PaasselkäMikkeliFinland10231.0 ± 2.2PilotNorthwest TerritoriesCanada~6450 ± 2Presqu'îleQuebecCanada15less than 2729RagozinkaSverdlovskRussia956–59RamgarhRajasthanIndia10165–750Red WingNorth DakotaUnited States9167–250RiachãoMaranhaoBrazil4less than 299RitlandRogalandNorway2.7500–541Rock ElmWisconsinUnited States6.5458–485RotmistrovkaCherkasyUkraine2.794–145SääksjärviWestern FinlandFinland5602 ± 17SaarijärviOuluFinland2less than 600Santa FeNew MexicoUnited States13350–1200Santa MartaPiauiBrazil10less than 100SaqqarJawfSaudi Arabia3470–410Serpent MoundOhioUnited States8less than 359Serra da CangalhaTocantinsBrazil13.7less than 250ShunakKaragandaKazakhstan2.87–17Sierra MaderaTexasUnited States20less than 113SöderfjärdenOstrobothniaFinland6.5640SpiderWestern AustraliaAustralia13580–900SteinheimBaden-WürttembergGermany3.8~14.8SuavjärviKareliaRussia162200–2700SummasjärviWestern FinlandFinland2.6less than 1880Suvasvesi NorthNorthern SavoniaFinland3.5~85Suvasvesi South3.8710–1880Tabun-Khara-OboDornogoviMongolia1.3130–170TalundillyQueenslandAustralia84~125TernovkaDnipropetrovskUkraine15280 ± 10Tin BiderTamanrassetAlgeria6less than 66TvarenSödermanlandSweden3.1456–458Upheaval DomeUtahUnited States5.2less than 183Vargeao DomeSanta CatarinaBrazil12.4123 ± 1.4VepriaiVilniusLithuania7.5155–165ViewfieldSaskatchewanCanada2.4170–210Vista AlegreParanáBrazil9.5111–134WanapiteiOntarioCanada7.537.7 ± 1.2Wells CreekTennesseeUnited States13.7100–323West HawkManitobaCanada3.6351 ± 20WetumpkaAlabamaUnited States6.25~83.5YallalieWestern AustraliaAustralia1283.6–89.8ZapadnayaZhytomyrUkraine3.2165 ± 5Zeleny GaiKirovogradUkraine3.560–100MiralgaWestern AustraliaAustraliaUhackatikQuebecCanada
Inferred impact events Some impact events are only known from events like layers of spherules or tektites generated by the impact recorded in contemporary rocks, and their impact structures may no longer exist.