James Chaney (1943–1964) was one of three civil rights workers killed in Mississippi by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
James Chaney may also refer to:
James E. Chaney (1885–1967), United States Army officer James M. Chaney (1921–1976), American police officer and witness to President Kennedy's assassination James McDonald Chaney, American Presbyterian minister Jim Chaney, American football coach and player