The Boundaries of Hong Kong, officially the Boundary of the Administrative Division of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of Chinabasiclaw.gov.hk - Description of the Boundary of the Administrative Division of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of Chinaelegislation.gov.hk - 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區行政區域界綫文字表述 Description of the Boundary of the Administrative Division of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (), is a regulated administrative border with border control in force under the One country, two systems constitutional principle, which separates the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region from mainland China, by land border fence of and maritime boundary of , enforcing a separate immigration and customs-controlled jurisdiction from mainland China.

The boundaries of Hong Kong are patrolled and controlled by the Hong Kong Police Force and its Marine Region and the Immigration Department at land and sea. The land boundary also includes a buffer zone, known as Frontier Closed Area.

History

After the First Opium War and territorial establishment of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Island was ceded by the Qing Empire to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland through Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, not marking any official maritime boundaries.

In 1860, the Convention of Peking extended the cession to include Kowloon with the land boundary limits until "Boundary street in Kowloon", and in 1898 with additional land of New Territories was leased for 99-years to the British under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory with the Sham Chun River primarily marking the boundary between British Hong Kong and Qing dynasty.

Between the years of 1941 and 1945 during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the boundaries of Hong Kong may or may not have been clearly distinguished as the neighbouring part of Southern China bordering Hong Kong was also occupied by the Japanese Empire. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, all British government institutions in Hong Kong, including the land boundary primarily running across the Sham Chun River were restored.

Since the late 1940s, there has been a refugee wave from mainland China due to the instability inland, and the British authorities in Hong Kong were forced to make a decision regarding the border to prevent an influx of refugees from overwhelming the already-crowded city. In April 1949, the British decided to close the border and end the free movement that existed prior. By 1952, the Chinese authorities had done the same, and the border officially became closed and required permits to cross through.

In 1984, the governments of the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China (PRC) concluded the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, under which the sovereignty of the leased territories, together with Hong Kong Island and Kowloon (south of Boundary Street) ceded under the Convention of Peking (1860), was transferred to the PRC on 1 July 1997, maintaining the current land boundary primarily running across the Sham Chun River,Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, The Government of the HKSAR. "The Joint Declaration" and following pages, 1 July 2007. however the Hong Kong Basic Law modified and extended the size of Hong Kong's maritime boundary with mainland China in 1997.

Historical maps

Immigration control points As of 2024, 8 out of Hong Kong's 13 points of entry or border crossings controlled by the Immigration Department are located on or cross the land border fence.Control Point Locations - Hong Kong Immigration Department Entry and exit immigration clearance into Hong Kong by sea can be cleared at 3 ferry terminals:, and the other 2 out of 13 immigration clearance points in Hong Kong are located in the Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station and at the Hong Kong International Airport.

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No.Hong KongControl Point District in Hong KongCounterpart Port Counterpart District and CityType ofborder crossingand coordinates Opened Website1 Hong Kong International Airport Chep Lap Kok, Islands District colspan="2" Airport 1998 hongkongairport.com2 Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Tsim Mong District (Juxtaposed control) Juxtaposed rail border crossing 2018 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)highspeed.mtr.com.hk3 Lo Wu Control Point Lo Wu, North District Luohu Port Luohu District, Shenzhen Land border crossing 1986 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)4 Lok Ma Chau Control Point Lok Ma Chau, Yuen Long District Huanggang Port Futian District, Shenzhen Land border crossing 1989 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)5 Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point Futian Port Land border crossing 2007 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong) 6 Man Kam To Control Point Man Kam To, North District Wenjindu Port Luohu District, Shenzhen Land border crossing 1976 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)7 Sha Tau Kok Control Point Sha Tau Kok, North District Shatoujiao Port Yantian District, Shenzhen Land border crossing 2005 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)8 Hong Kong–Macau Ferry Terminal Sheung Wan, Central and Western District colspan="2" Border crossing clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea 1985 mardep.gov.hk9 Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Tsim Mong District colspan="2" Border crossing clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea 1988 mardep.gov.hk10 Shenzhen Bay Control Point (Juxtaposed control) Shenzhen Bay Port Nanshan District, Shenzhen Juxtaposed Land border crossing 2007 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)11 Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Kai Tak Development, Kowloon City District colspan="2" Border crossing clearance in Hong Kong for crossing Hong Kong boundaries by sea 2013 kaitakcruiseterminal.com.hk 12 Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point港珠澳大橋管制站 Chek Lap Kok, Islands District Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Zhuhai Highway Port港珠澳大桥珠海公路口岸 Xiangzhou, Zhuhai Border crossing the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge 2018 td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)fsm.gov.mo (Macau)Posto de Migração da Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau港珠澳大橋澳門邊檢大樓Novos Aterros Urbanos de Macau, Macau13 Heung Yuen Wai Control Point Heung Yuen Wai, North District Liantang Port Luohu District, Shenzhen Land border crossing 2020 ka.sz.gov.cn (mainland China)td.gov.hk (Hong Kong)

See also Borders of China Boundaries of Macau Frontier Closed Area

References

External links