This is a list of volcanoes that have had large explosive eruptions during the Holocene (since about 11,650 years Before Present), with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 5 or higher, or a plume height of at least 30 km. To date, there have been no eruptions with a confirmed VEI of 8 in the Holocene; and only a few VEI-7 eruptions are thought to have occurred during this time: the most recent was the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.

Common Era (CE) VEI Volcano/complex Volcanic arc/belt,subregion, or hotspot Material volume (km3) Date Tephra or eruption name Bulk DRE 6 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai Tonga-Kermadec Islands volcanic arc 1014 7.1 7.1 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami 5 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Andean Volcanic Belt 0.76 0.76–1.26 2011–2012 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption 5 Mount Hudson Andean Volcanic Belt 4.3 4.3–7.6Kratzmann, David, et al. (2009) "Compositional variations and magma mixing in the 1991 eruptions of Hudson volcano, Chile" Bulletin of Volcanology 71(4): pp. 419–439, p.419, 1.6 1.6–2.7 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 10.4-11.0 5.3 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo 5 El Chichón Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 Tephra unit A 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.5 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens 5 Mount Agung Sunda Arc, Bali 1.0 1 5 Bezymianny Kamchatka 1.9 1.9 5KharimkotanKuril Islands 1 1 1933 5 Quizapú Andean Volcanic Belt 9.5 9.5 7 7–10 1932 April 10–21, 19325Submarine volcano NNE of Iriomote IslandJapan 1 1 1924-10-31 6 Novarupta SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 26 28–30 13 13–15 5KsudachKamchatka1.751907-03-28 6 Santa María Central America Volcanic Arc, Guatemala 10.7 10.7–11.4 6.4 6.4 1902 eruption of Santa María 5 Mount Tarawera Taupō Volcanic Zone 2.0 2 1886 June 10–15, 1886 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera 6 Krakatoa Sunda Arc 18 18–25 9.0 10-12.5 1883 eruption of Krakatoa 5 Askja Iceland 1.8 1.83 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 2 5Mount AgungSunda Arc, Bali11843 5 Cosigüina Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 4.3 4.25 5-6Zavaritski CalderaKuril Islands 5 Mount Galunggung Sunda Arc, Java 2.0 2 7 Mount Tambora Sunda Arc, Sumbawa 150 - 175 37 37–50 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora 6? Between Indonesia and Tonga 1808 c.1808 Undocumented 1808 eruption 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.5 1.5 1800 c.1800 T (Goat Rocks) 5KatlaIceland11755-10-175Taal volcanoPhilippines>1 1754 1754 eruption of Taal Volcano5Mount TarumaeHokkaidō41739-08-18Ta-a5KatlaIceland11721-05-11 5 Mount Fuji Honshū 1.7 1.7 1707 December 16, 1707 Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji5TangkokoSangihe Volcanic Arc116805Mount GamkonoraHalmahera Volcanic Arc11673-05-205Mount TarumaeHokkaidō2.81667-09-24Ta-b5Mount UsuHokkaidō2.781663-08-16 6 Long Island, PNG Bismarck Volcanic Arc 21 21 12 12 1660 c.1660 Tibito tephra5ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 21652 CE ±11SH1 5 Mount Melibengoy Mindanao, Philippines 1.0 1 1640 December 26, 1640 5KomagatakeHokkaidō2.91640-07-31Ko-d5Mount VesuviusCampanian volcanic arc1.11631-12-165FurnasSão Miguel Island, Azores2.11630-09-035KatlaIceland11625-09-02 6 Huaynaputina Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 34 11-14 12 4.6-4.95 1600 February 19, 1600 5RaungSunda Arc, Java11593 CE 5 Kelud Sunda Arc, Java 1.0 1 1586 c.1586 6 Billy Mitchell Bougainville & Solomon Is. 13.5 13.5 1580 c.1580 BM25Água de PauSão Miguel Island, Azores1.31563-06-28 / 1563-07-26 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.5 1.5 1482 c.1482 We (Kalama) 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 7.7 7.7 1480 c.1480 Wn (Kalama) 6 Bárðarbunga Iceland 10 10 1477 c.1477 Veidivatnahraun 7? 1458 c.1458 Undocumented 1458 eruption 7? 1452/1453 Undocumented 1452/1453 eruption 6 Öræfajökull Iceland 10 10 1362 June 5, 1362 6 Quilotoa Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone 21 21 1280 c.1280 5KatlaIceland11262 CE 7 Mount Samalas Lombok Island 81 81–92 33 33–40 1257 c.1257 1257 Samalas eruption 5 Mount Asama Honshū 1.3 1.3 1108 August 29, 1108 Tennin eruption (1108) 5 Hekla Iceland 1.2 1.2 1104 c.1104 H1 tephra5ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 21034 CE ±11SH25Billy MitchellBougainville & Solomon Is.71030 CEBM1 6 Baekdu Mountain Balhae (China – North Korea border) 40 40–98 10 10–64 0946 c.946 Millennium eruptionBaegdusan-Tomakomai Tephra 5 Towada Honshū 6.5 6.54 0915 c.915 Eruption episode A6Mount Churchilleastern Alaska50847 CE ±1WRAe 6 Rabaul Bismarck Volcanic Arc 24 24 0683 c.683 Rabaul Pyroclastics6DakatauaBismarck Volcanic Arc10653 CE ±18Dk5ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 2650 CE ±40SH35ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 2600 CE5Mount HarunaHonshū1.6550 CE ±10Futatsudake-Ikaho eruption 6-7 Unknown source Unknown 0536 c.536 Volcanic winter of 536 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 1.2 1.2 0472 c.472 Pollena 6 Lake Ilopango Central America Volcanic Arc, El Salvador 37 37–82 44 44–95 0430 c.430 Tierra Blanca Joven eruption5Akutan Aleutian Arc1340Akutan tephra 7 Taupō Volcano Taupō Volcanic Zone 110 110 0232 c.232 Hatepe eruption5MasayaCentral America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua6.6150Masaya Tuff 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 3.2 3.25 0079 c.79 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 6 Ambrym Vanuatu 70 70 0050 c.50 Ambrym Pyroclastic Series

Before Common Era (BCE) VEI Volcano/complex Volcanic arc/belt,subregion, or hotspot Material volume (km3) Date Age(ka)start from 1950 CE Tephra or eruption name Bulk DRE 6 Okmok Caldera Umnak, Aleutian Arc 25 25+ 15 15+ -0043 43 BCE 2 Okmok II 5 Etna Campanian volcanic arc 1.0 1 -0122 122 BCE 2.1 S flank, summit (Cratere del Piano caldera) 6 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 28.8 28.8 -0250 250 BCE 2.2 Fleetwood 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.2 1.2 -0530 530 BCE 2.5 Ps/Pu (Pine Creek) 5Mount TarumaeHokkaidō3.3550 BCETa-c5ShiveluchKamchatka1780 BCESH55Mount FujiHonshū1930 BCEUpper SE flank, Tephra layer Zu5ShiveluchKamchatka> 1950 BCE 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 12.5 12.5 -1050 1050 BCE 3 Maraunot eruptive period5 Cuicocha Andean Volcanic Belt~ 5~1100 BCE5HeklaIceland7.51100 BCE ±50H3 tephra5Mount TaraweraTaupō Volcanic Zone81310 BCE ±12Kaharoa eruption5Mount FujiHonshū11350 BCETephra layer Os 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 1.75 1.75 -1350 1350 BCE 3.3 Tephra layer IIAV3 6 Taupō Volcano Taupō Volcanic Zone 17 17 -1460 1460 BCE 3.4 Waimihia eruption 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 3.6 ≥ 3.6 -1500 1500 BCE 3.5 Tephra layer AV15Hayes VolcanoSW Alaska, Aleutian Arc8.11550 BCEHayes Tephra set H 7 Youngest Caldera, Santorini South Aegean Volcanic Arc 34.5 34.5 -1610 1610 BCE 3.6 Minoan eruption 6 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 15.3 15.3 -1860 1860 BCE 3.8 Yn (Smith Creek) 6 Mount Hudson Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone 12 12 -1890 1890 BCE 3.8 5Mount DanaSW Alaska, Aleutian Arc11890 BCE1890 BCE eruption5ShiveluchKamchatka> 12000 BCESHsp 6-7 Deception Island South Shetland Islands 30 30-60 -1960 1960 BCE 4 Outer Coast Tuff 6 Long Island, PNG Bismarck Volcanic Arc 10 > 10 -2040 2040 BCE 4 biliau beds5RungweGreat Rift Valley, Tanzania2.22050 BCERungwe pumice5Nishiyama, Hachijō-jimaIzu–Bonin–Mariana Arc1.22050 BCEMitsune-7 scoria5ShiveluchKamchatka> 12100 BCESHsp 7 Paektu Mountain Balhae (China – North Korea border) -2264 2264 BCE? 4.2–5.1 Tianwenfeng eruption 7 Cerro Blanco (Argentina) Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 172 172 8 8–83 -2300 2300 BCE 4.3 5HeklaIceland5.62310 BCE ±20H4 tephra 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.2 1.2 -2340 2340 BCE 4.3 Yb (Smith Creek) 5Piton de la FournaiseRéunion1.82700 BCEBellecombe Ash Member5IlyinskyKamchatka1.32850 BCEZLT-tephra; IL-tephra5Água de PauSão Miguel Island, Azores5.42990 BCEFogo A5Lake NumazawaHonshū4.713400 BCE5ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 23500 BCE 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 12 12? -3550 3550 BCE 5.5 Crow Valley eruptive period5ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 23650 BCE5KaguyakSW Alaska, Aleutian Arc3.93850 BCECaldera formation 6 Masaya Volcano Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 14.8 14.8 -4050 4050 BCE 6 5TowadaHonshū9.184150 BCEeruption episode C5ApoyequeCentral America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua1.94160 BCE ±30Laguna Xiloá 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 4.0 ≥ 4 -4340 4340 BCE 6.3 Tephra layer IAv12; AV4 6-7 Macauley Island Kermadec Islands 100 ⩽ 100 -4360 4360 BCE 6.35ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 24400 BCE5KomagatakeHokkaidō34600 BCE ±50Ko-g5Nishiyama, Hachijō-jimaIzu–Bonin–Mariana Arc1.24650 BCEMitsune-5 scoria 6 Mount Hudson Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone 18 18 -4750 4750 BCE 6.7 5KsudachKamchatka7.54900 BCEKS25TavuiBismarck Volcanic Arc5.754946 BCE ±40Raluan Pyroclastics5HeklaIceland1.75150 BCEH5 tephra5KsudachKamchatka35200 BCEKS3 7 Taal Volcano Luzon Volcanic Arc 144Withoos, Yannick (2022): A study of the stratigraphy, lithofacies and geochemistry of Taal Caldera Volcano, Philippines, and its implications for the understanding of flooded caldera volcanoes. University of Leicester. Thesis. 90 90 -5380 ± 70 yr BCE 5380 ± 70 yr BCE 5.5 Pasong Fluidal Juvenile Bomb-Rich Ignimbrite Formation5IchinskyKamchatka2.55400 BCE5ShiveluchKamchatka1.25500 BCE 6 Lake Mashū Hokkaidō 18.6 18.6 -5550 5550 BCE 7.5 Ma-f/g/h/i/j 6 Khangar Kamchatka 15 15 -5700 5700 BCE 7.7 KHG tephra 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 9 9 -5980 5980 BCE 7.9 Tephra layer IAv2 6 Menengai East African Rift 70 70 -6050 6050 BCE 85Mount TaraweraTaupō Volcanic Zone1.26060 BCE ±50Haroharo (Te Horoa & other domes)5Makushin VolcanoUnalaska, Aleutian Arc7.56100 BCE ±50 6 Karkar Island Bismarck Volcanic Arc 20 20 -6318 6318 BCE 8.3 Wadau deposit5KizimenKamchatka4.96400 BCE ±50KZII 6 Karymsky Kamchatka 14.5 14.5 -6600 6600 BCE 8.6 Tephra layer KRM 5ShiveluchKamchatka16800 BCE5Mount TarumaeHokkaidō1.96950 BCETa-d5ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 27150 BCE5TowadaHonshū2.57250 BCEeruption episode E5ShiveluchKamchatka≥ 17300 BCE 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 10 ⩾10 -7460 7460 BCE 9.4 Tayawan caldera, Pasbul eruptive period5Mount TaraweraTaupō Volcanic Zone7560 BCE ±18Lake Rotoma 6 Água de Pau São Miguel Island, Azores 11.5 11.5 -8000 8000 BCE 10 Inner Caldera Formation 7 Semisopochnoi Island Aleutian Arc 120 120 -8000 8000 BCE 105KizimenKamchatka48050 BCEKZI 6 Grímsvötn Iceland 15 15 -8230 8230 BCE 10.2 Saksunarvatn tephra5Lake NgoziGreat Rift Valley, Tanzania78250 BCEKitulo pumice5TowadaHonshū1.38250 BCEeruption episode F 6 Longonot Great Rift Valley, Kenya 50 50 -8910 8910 BCE 10.9 5Mount TongariroTaupō Volcanic Zone19350 BCE5Mount TongariroTaupō Volcanic Zone19450 BCEPoutu Lapilli (Mangamate)5Mount TongariroTaupō Volcanic Zone19650 BCE

Exact year unknown