There are several conventions for phonetic transcription using the Cyrillic script, typically augmented with Latin and Greek to fill in missing sounds. The details vary by author, and depend on which letters are available for the language of the text. For instance, in a work written in Ukrainian, may be used for (the voiced equivalent of ), whereas in Russian texts, is used for . This article follows common Russian usage.
Authors differ, for example, in whether they transcribe the voiced fricatives with the South Slavic letters and , with the ligatures and (which are common in monolingual dictionaries), or as simple digraphs and . Latin w, l, k and h are commonly used for IPA , though q is also used with its IPA value instead of k. Greek φ and γ are commonly used for IPA .
Symbols Parentheses mark alternative symbols.
+Vowel lettersFrontCentralBackCloseи үы юIt's based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase и.u уі vη ұClose-midе өɪ ᴕє ояOpen-midэ øᴁ ꭥɘ ϙǝ ɷɐOpenа ωɑ w
(or е̌) may be used for [и͡е] and (or о̌) for [у͡о].
here is a hack: the top line should connect the two parts of the letter together.
+ Consonant letters BilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottalPlosiveп бn based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase п. δ based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase б.т дm based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase т. ɡ based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase д.k based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase к. ƨ based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase г.к гқ ӷҡ ꜬґUse palochka <Ӏ> for [ʔ]NasalмꙧнӈњҥңSibilant affricateц ѕч џɥThe form of lowercase ч is long. ψThe form of lowercase џ is curvy and long.ћ ђSibilant fricativeс зш ж Based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase ш.ɯ ӿ (Not a Bulgarian form of lowercase ж.)щ җFricativeφ β fф вθ ð dʀ ᴘꭆ ϱDerived from Cyrillic Be in Inverted.ꭓ ɣх ғ ґӽ ӻӄ ҕһ ꜧApproximantłʋrɽjŋƒɧƕTrillꞗ bꝓ рꝙ qʞ ⁊Tap/FlapϐƿƍLateral affricateσ zꞔ ʒLateral fricativeꙈ ⅄ƛ λLateral approximantлʌIt's based on the Bulgarian form of lowercase л.љꙥԯLateral flapɲClickϝꝩꝉỻͳꙓLateral clickπX-izationᴌᴜᴚɹɺɻьъʁҍ!
Common diacritics [сꚝ] or [сʼ] palatalized [с·] not palatalized [с°] labialized [с̣] retroflex [т̪] laminal [т̯] apical (same as non-syllabic) [т̇] alveolarized? [и̇] pharyngealized
[а́] stress [с꞉] or [с̄] long [ӑ] short [д͡ж] or [о͡у] affricate or diphthong [т͕] unreleased plosive [л̭] voiceless [w̬] voiced [и̃] nasalized [л̥] syllabic [и̯] non-syllabic (same as apical)
[о̜] or [о̨] open [о̹] (or reversed ogonek) close [о꭪] fronted (diacritic often placed over the letter) [э꭫] backed (diacritic often placed over the letter) [ӓ] advanced/fronted and raised [а·] fronted off-glide [·а] fronted on-glide or following a non-palatalized consonant [аᵊ] diphthongal off-glide or centralizedSome authors use a combining diacritic vowel (e.g. ) to indicate a shade of sound (a pure vowel located between the places of the two vowel letters) and a superscript vowel to indicate a vocalic transition. Others use a superscript for the former, and a tie-bar (e.g. ) for the latter. ӏ (ejective)
ʖ (implosive)
' (aspirated)
° (susumated)
*(laryngealized)
e.g. й ᾰ ы̄ а̄ ƣ ұꞁ яꞁ ⱶє ⱶɘ ü ӭ
References