Vice Admiral Mihir Kumar 'Micky' Roy, PVSM, AVSM was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He last served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command (FOC-in-C ENC).
Born in a zamindari Bengali family, he joined the Royal Indian Navy in 1946. After four years of training, he transferred to the Indian Navy and was among the first officers to be sent to the United Kingdom to train as a naval aviator. From 1955 to 1957, he commanded the Fleet requirement unit, the first naval air unit. In 1961, he became the first commanding officer of the Indian Navy's first air-ASW naval air squadron INAS 310, a squadron formed to embark on India's first aircraft carrier - . Promoted to the rank of commander, he commanded the Hunt-class destroyer and the 22nd destroyer squadron. He subsequently commanded the naval air station INS Garuda, the Leopard-class frigate and the 16th frigate squadron.
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he was the Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI). As DNI, he was the architect of successful naval commando operations, for which he was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal. After attending the Royal College of Defence Studies, he served as the commanding officer of INS Vikrant and later the chief of staff of the Western Naval Command. Promoted to flag rank in 1976, he served as the Assistant Chief of Personnel at naval HQ before taking over command of the Eastern Fleet. From 1977 to 1979, he was the senior directing staff at the National Defence College. Promoted to Vice Admiral, he took over as the FOC-in-C ENC. He led the ENC for four years from 1980 to 1984. On retirement from the Navy, he was appointed the first Director-General of the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project. The project was aimed at acquiring India's first nuclear submarine.
Regarded as a scholar, he was the first officer from the Indian Armed Forces to be selected as a Jawaharlal Nehru Fellow. He also wrote a well-researched book War in the Indian Ocean in 1995 and served as the editor of the Journal of the Society for Indian Ocean Studies, which he co-founded.
Early life and education Roy was born on 22 June 1926 in an aristocratic zamindari Bengali family in Bogura, Bengal Presidency. His father Bijoy Kumar Roy was an officer in the Imperial Forest Service, who retired as the Conservator of forests in the Madras Presidency. He grew up in Vellore, where he was schooled at the Voorhees College. He then attended the Presidency College, Chennai, where he obtained a Master of Arts honours degree in Economics and Political science. Growing up in Tamil Nadu, he spoke Tamil fluently. He planned to study accountancy in the United Kingdom, but changed his mind and appeared for the armed services exam. He stood first among those from Madras Presidency and joined the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) in 1946.
Naval career Early career Joining the RIN as a cadet, Roy attended the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. He trained on board the Hawkins-class cruiser which was converted into a training ship. He subsequently served on the King George V-class battleship and was on board the battleship during the Home Fleet review on the River Clyde. He the transferred to the Algerine-class minesweeper , where he participated in operations clearing mines laid between Iceland and the USSR.
Post-Independence After the Independence of India, Roy transferred to the Indian Navy. He earned his watchkeeping ticket on board the R-class destroyer . He was promoted to lieutenant on 16 February 1951, and that year was among the first batch of five officers sent to the United Kingdom to train as naval aviators. A part of the No. 8 RN observer course, he stood first in flying and ground subjects and was awarded his wings on 12 May 1952 at RNAS St Merryn (HMS Vulture). He also received letters of commendation from the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral of the Fleet Rhoderick McGrigor. He attended the long photography course at RNAS Ford and the operational intelligence course at RAF Wyton before being sent on attachment to RNAS Eglinton (HMS Gannet). After his training, he returned to India and was part of the fledgling naval air arm. On 10 October 1953, the first President's fleet review took place at Bombay. A Short Sealand aircraft carried out a successful water landing after saluting then President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad. The aircraft was piloted by Lieutenant Commander Y. N. Singh with Roy as crew.
On 1 February 1955, Roy took command of the Fleet Requirement Unit (FRU) as its fourth commanding officer. The FRU was the first unit of the Indian Naval Air Arm which in 1959 was commissioned as INAS 550. Roy was in command of the FRU for two years until February 1957. He was promoted substantive lieutenant-commander on 16 February 1959. In early 1961, India's first aircraft carrier was acquired from the UK. was commissioned on 4 March 1961 at 1000 hours by Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom. The Vikrant sailed from Belfast for Portsmouth in March 1961 and then to Portland for sea trials. Two aircraft squadrons were to be formed to embark on the carrier – the INAS 300 formed in the UK flying Hawker Sea Hawk jet fighters, and the INAS 310 formed in France flying Bréguet 1050 Alizé Anti-submarine warfare aircraft.
Roy was selected to be the commissioning commanding officer of INAS 310, nicknamed the Cobras. The squadron was commissioned on 21 March 1961 by the Indian Ambassador to France, Ali Yavar Jung in Hyères, France, on board the French aircraft carrier Arromanches. After the commissioning, Roy led the squadron in work-up and trials with the French Navy. In May, led by him, the squadron embarked on the Vikrant in Toulon, France. In August, INAS 300 also embarked in the English Channel. The squadrons were embarked on the carrier on its way home to India. Vikrant called on multiple ports on the way like Alexandria, Port Said and Aden, with as escort. On 3 November, Vikrant reached home waters off Bombay, where the two squadrons disembarked. Roy then took the squadron to INS Garuda in Cochin. He was in command till March 1962.
In April 1964, Roy was selected to attend the Defence Services Staff College in Wellington, and was promoted substantive commander on 30 June. After completing the course, he was appointed Captain of the 22nd Destroyer Squadron as well as the commanding officer of the lead destroyer of the squadron, . Apart from Godavari, the squadron consisted of and . On 8 August 1966, Roy took command of Naval air station INS Garuda. He commanded the station for three years until August 1969. He was promoted to the substantive rank of Captain during this tenure, on 30 June 1969. Roy was then appointed Captain of the 16th Frigate Squadron and the commanding officer of the lead frigate of the squadron, INS Brahmaputra. The squadron consisted of her sister ships and . In March 1970, Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda took over as the eighth Chief of the Naval Staff. Shortly thereafter, he picked Roy to be the next Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI) at Naval HQ. The naval intelligence directorate he headed had four wings and around 120 officers and men.
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the Bangladesh Liberation war, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the majority East Pakistanis. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the Pakistani government failed to satisfy these demands and in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to West Bengal, an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of Bangladesh.
In April 1971, Roy started building an underwater guerrilla force manned by "raw but physically strong and mentally stubborn Bangla Desh personnel to launch surface and sub surface raids on ports, shipping and inland waterways." He planned to set up a force of about 600 commandos which would complement the Indian Army's covert training of the Mukti Bahini. This force would have Bengali sailors who escaped from the Pakistani submarine as the nucleus, trained by Indian naval officers and divers.
Roy's staff officer was Commander M. N. R. Samant who ran the operation on the ground. Two camps were set up at Plassey and Haldia – Camp 2 Plassey (C2P) and Camp 2 Haldia (C2H). The frogmen were trained rigorously. They were required to swim in complete darkness, breathing through a reed while manoeuvring neutrally buoyant limpet mines, attach the mines and swim away before the mines exploded. They concentrated on attacking ports, inland harbours, ferries, pontoons, and all types of vessels.
As Roy wrote later in his book, their aims were: to neutralise the main seaports of Chittagong on the Karnaphuli River and Chalna, Mangla, Khulna on the Pussur River so as to prevent supplies to support the Army being brought in by sea. to stop traditional exports of jute, tea, coir and to disrupt inland waterway systems and the river ports of Narayanganj, Daudkhandi, Chandpur and Barisal.
The naval commando operations were extremely successful. Overall, about 400 naval commandos and frogmen were trained. Along with a Mukti Bahini gunboat, they captured, sank or damaged about 15 Pakistani ships, 11 coasters, 7 gunboats, 11 barges, 2 tankers and 19 river craft. The frogmen sank or crippled over one lakh tons of shipping, immobilised jetties and wharves and blocked navigable channels. For these operations, Roy was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 1972. Commander M. N. R. Samant, Lieutenant Commander J. P. A. Noronha and Leading Seaman Chiman Singh were awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.
Post-war career In September 1972, he was one of two officers from the armed forces to be selected to attend the Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS) in London. He attended the course starting January 1973. On his return to India after graduating from RCDS, he was appointed the ninth commanding officer of . He took command of the carrier on 3 January 1974, the first naval aviator to do so. He served as the flag captain to three fleet commanders of the Western Fleet – Rear Admirals Swaraj Parkash, N. P. Datta and Rustom K. S. Ghandhi. In late 1975, Roy led Vikrant which, accompanied by frigates , and , called on ports in the Persian Gulf. As the flagship, Vikrant flew the flag of the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet, Rear Admiral R. K. S. Ghandhi. After two years in command of the carrier, he relinquished command in February 1976, handing it over to another naval aviator Captain R. H. Tahiliani. He was then appointed Chief of Staff (COS) to the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command, Vice Admiral Ronald Lynsdale Pereira, in the rank of Commodore.
Flag rank After a short stint as COS of Western Naval Command, Roy was promoted to the acting rank of rear admiral on 21 June 1976 and appointed Assistant Chief of Personnel (ACOP). This appointment was that of an assistant Principal Staff Officer at Naval HQ. He served as the ACOP for a year before being appointed the sixth Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF). Promoted substantive rear admiral on 1 March 1977, he took over from Rear Admiral D. S. Paintal on 10 June. In early 1978, he was appointed Senior Directing Staff (SDS) at the prestigious National Defence College (NDC) in New Delhi. In February that year, he relinquished command of the Eastern Fleet, handing it over to Rear Admiral Oscar Stanley Dawson. He served as the SDS at NDC for a year and a half till December 1979.