The Qing dynasty developed a complicated system of ranks and titles. Princess's consort was granted a title of efu (Manchu:ᡝᡶᡠ; Chinese: ; éfù), meaning "imperial charioter". However, the title was not granted to the spouses of clanswoman (untitled princesses or daughters of low-ranking clansmen). An efu retained his title and privileges as long as the princess remained his primary spouse – even after her death. However, if an efu remarried or promoted another consort to be his primary spouse, he lost all rights obtained from his marriage to the princess.
The following alphabetical lists contains the efus recorded in the imperial genealogy. However, not all efus are mentioned because daughters of princes not adopted into the palace were not recorded in genealogy of the Aisin Gioro clan.
Ranks of efus +TitleTranslationTitle equivalentRankGurun efuPrince Consort of the First RankPrince of the Fourth RankAbove the rankHeshuo efuPrincess of the Second Rank was translation of Chinese term heshuo gongzhu. Princess of the Third Rank was translation of Chinese term junzhu or Manchu term heshuo gege (pinyin transcription).Prince Consort of the Second RankImperial dukePrince Consort of the Third RankDefender General1Duoluo efuPrincess of the Fourth Rank (xianzhu) and Lady of the First Rank (junjun) were known as duoluo gegePrince Consort of the Fourth RankBulwark General2Prince consort of the Fifth RankSupporter General3Gushan efuPrince Consort of the Sixth RankGrace General4Xiangjun efuPrince Consort of the Seventh Rank5
List of princes consorts by the direct emperor's daughters The list is constructed according to the imperial princesses being daughters of emperors and clans of the princes consorts.
Daughters of Taksi +YearPrince ConsortClan of Prince ConsortPrincessMother of princessIssueReferenceNNChangzhu (常住)UlanaraFirst daughter (1558–1632)Princess Jantai, lady JanggiyaCambu (查木布)1583Gahashan Hashu (噶哈善哈思虎; 1560–1584)Irgen GioroJanhegu (沾河姑), Princess Jing'an of the Second Rank (和碩静安公主; d.23 October 1624)Emeci, lady Hitara, Empress Xuan1585Yangshu (杨书)Gorolothree sons, including Darhan
Daughters of Nurhaci
Biological daughters YearPrince ConsortClan of Prince ConsortPrincessMother of princessIssueReference1588Hohori (何和礼;1561–1624)DonggoNenzhe, Princess Duanzhuang of the First Rank (固伦端庄公主 嫩哲)Hahana Jacing, lady Tunggiya1.Dulei (杜雷) 2.Dojili (多济理)NNYilaka (伊拉喀)NNPrincess of the Second Rank, Yanzhe (和硕公主颜哲;1587-1646)Secondary consort, lady Irgen Gioro1607Darhan (达尔汉;1590-1644)Gorolo1601UrgudaiNara clanMangguji (莽古济;1590-1636)Gundei, lady Fuca1.Princess Consort Keqin of the Second Rank, wife of Yoto1627Sodnom Dügüreng (索諾木杜棱/索诺木杜棱; d. 1644)Aohan Borjigin1608BujantaiUlanaraMukushen, Princess of the Second Rank(穆库什;1595-1659)Zhenge, lady Giyamuhut Gioro6.Maomo'ergen (茂莫尔根) 8.Gaduhun(噶都浑)
10.Hongkuang (洪匡)NNEiduNiohuru8.Turgei 16.Ebilun
17.Sosohun Fiyanggu (died prematurely)
3.Wife of Nikan1621Turgei1608Daki (达启)Fifth Daughter (1597–1613)1613Suna (苏纳/苏鼐)Yehe NaraSixth Daughter (1600–1646)1.Suksaha1619Ejai (鄂扎伊)Nara clanLady of the Third Rank (1604–1685)Mistress, lady Irgen Gioro22.02.1625Gürbüshi (古爾布什/古尔布什; d. 1661)Khalkha BorjiginPrincess of the Second Rank, Songgutu (和硕公主松古图;28 December 1612 – 1646)Secondary consort, lady Yehe
Adopted daughters and granddaughters +YearPrince ConsortClan of Prince ConsortPrincessBackgroundIssueReference1617Enggeder (恩格德尔)Khalkha BorjiginPrincess Duanshun of the Second Rank Sundai (和硕端顺公主孙岱,1590-1649)Father:Šurhaci Mother:Primary princess consort Zhuang, Lady Guwalgiya4.Erke Daicing (额尔克戴青) 5.Surha (素尔哈)1626Aoba(奥巴)Khorchin Borjigin/ Tüsheet KhanPrincess of the Second Rank Zhunzhe (和硕公主肫哲)Father:Tulun, Prince Kexi of the Third Rank Mother:Princess Consort Kexi of the Third Rank, Lady Wanyan
Paternal grandfather:Šurhaci
Paternal grandmother:Primary princess consort Zhuang, Lady Guwalgiya1.Badali1632Badali (巴大礼)
Daughters of Hong Taiji
Biological daughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessMotherIssueReferences1633BandiAohan BorjiginPrincess Aohan of the First Rank (敖汉固伦公主)Lady Ula Nara1.Morgen Baturu Wenbu (摩尔根巴图鲁温布)1636Ejei KhanChahar BorjiginPrincess Wenzhuang of the First Rank (固伦温庄公主马喀塔;1625-1663)Empress Xiaoduanwen1.Princess Consort Xianque of the First Rank (显悫亲王福晋)1645Abunai1.Princess Consort Zhuangjing of the First Rank (庄靖亲王福晋)1639Kitad (奇塔特,1620-1653)Khorchin BorjiginPrincess Jingduan of the First Rank Dazhe (固伦靖端公主达哲)1.Prince of the Second Rank Erdeni1641BirtakharPrincess Yongmu of the First Rank Yatu (固伦雍穆公主雅图)Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang1.Eqir1643Surha (素尔哈)Khalkha BorjiginPrincess Shuhui of the First Rank Atu (固伦淑慧公主阿图)1648Sabdan (色布腾)Barin Borjigin1.Eqir (鄂齐尔) 2.Gelertu (格勒尔图)
3.Namuzha (那木札)1644Kuazha (夸札)Irgen GioroPrincess of the First Rank (固伦公主, 1633–1649)Lady Jarud Borjigin1645Lamasi (喇玛思)JarudBorjiginPrincess Shuzhe Duanxian of the First Rank (固伦淑哲端献公主)Empress Dowager XiaozhuangBayasihulang (巴雅斯户朗)Khorchin BorjiginPrincess Yong'an Duanzhen of the First Rank (固伦永安端贞公主)Empress Xiaoduanwen1648Hashang (哈尚)BorjiginNinth daughter (1635–1652)Lady Jarud Borjigin1651Huisai (辉塞)GūwalgiyaLady of the Second Rank (1635–1661)Lady Nara1647Garma Sodnam (噶爾瑪索諾木/噶尔马索诺木; d. 1663)Abaga BorjiginPrincess Duanshun of the First Rank (固伦端顺公主)Noble Consort Yijing, Namjung1651Bandi (班第)BorjiginLady of the Third Rank (9 April 1637 – November/December 1678)Lady Sayin Noyan1652Laha (拉哈)Gūwalgiya13th daughter (16 August 1638 – May/June 1657)Lady Nara9.10.1653Wu YingxiongWuPrincess Kechun of the Second Rank Ajige (和硕恪纯公主阿济格;7 January 1642 – 1704)Lady Chahar Cilei Wu Shilin (吴世霖) Wife of Ga'ertu (噶尔图) Mistress of Prince Gong Changning
Adopted daughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessBackgroundIssueReferences1628ManzhuxiliKhorchin BorjiginPrincess of the Second RankFather: Yoto Mother: Princess Consort Keqin of the Second Rank, lady Nara1.Princess Consort Chengzeyu of the First Rank
Daughters of the Shunzhi Emperor
Biological daughter +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessMotherIssueReferenceFebruary/March 1667Na'erdu (纳尔杜)GūwalgiyaPrincess Gongque of the Second Rank (和硕恭悫公主,19 January 1654 – 26 November 1685)Lady Yang, Mistress
Adopted daughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessBackgroundIssueReference1660Shang ZhilongShangPrincess Heshun of the Second Rank (和硕和顺公主, 8 October 1648 – 25 January 1691)Father: Šose Mother: Princess Consort Chengzeyu of the First Rank, lady Nara Princess Consort Chunjing of the First Rank, wife of Lunghi30.11.1663Geng JuzhongGengPrincess Roujia of the Second Rank (和硕柔嘉公主, 11 June 1652 – 23 August 1673)Father: Yolo Mother: Princess Consort Anhe of the First Rank Lady Geng, wife of Kuiju14.10.1670BandiKhorchin BorjiginPrincess Duanmin of the First Rank (固伦端敏公主, 5 August 1653 - 14 June 1729)Father: Jidu Mother: Princess Consort Jianchun, lady Khorchin Borjigin Lobzang Gunbu (萝卜藏衮布) Tsewang Dorji (策旺多尔济)
Daughters of the Kangxi Emperor
Biological daughters +YearPrince ConsortClan of the Prince ConsortPrincessMotherIssueReference1691Urgun (乌尔衮)Barin BorjiginPrincess Rongxian of the First Rank (固伦荣宪公主,1673-1728)Consort Rong (荣妃), of the Magiya clan Linbu (琳布)November 1692Ga'erzang (噶尔藏)Harqin Ulanghan clanPrincess Duanjing of the Second Rank (和硕端静公主,1674-1710)Noble Lady Bu (布贵人), of the Joogiya clan1697Dondob Dorji (敦多布多爾濟/敦多布多尔济; d. 1743)Khalkha BorjiginPrincess Kejing of the First Rank (固伦恪靖公主, 4 July 1679 – March/April 1735)Noble Lady, of the Gorolo clan1.First daughter (died prematurely) 1.Genzapudorji (根扎普多尔济)1700Shun'anyan (舜安颜, d.1724)TunggiyaPrincess Wenxian of the First Rank (固伦温宪公主; 10 November 1683 – August/September 1702)Empress Xiaogongren, of the Uya clanJuly 1706Tsering (策棱/策棱; d. 1750)Khakha Borjigin Princess Chunque of the First Rank (固伦纯悫公主; 20 March 1685 – 22 April 1710)Concubine Tong, Yanjimai, lady Ulanara (通嫔乌拉那拉氏檐吉迈)1.Subashili (苏巴什礼)August 1706Cangjin (苍津)Onnigud BorjiginPrincess Wenke of the Second Rank (和硕温恪公主; 31 December 1687 – 27 July 1709)Imperial Noble Consort Jingmin, of the Janggiya clan First daughter Second daughter1706Sun Chengyun (孙承云, d.1719)SunPrincess Quejing of the Second Rank (和硕悫靖公主; 16 January 1690 – 1736)Noble Lady, of the Yuan clan (贵人袁氏)1.Sun Wufu (孙五福)January 1709Dorji (多尔济)Khorchin BorjiginPrincess Dunke of the Second Rank (和硕敦恪公主; 3 February 1691 – 2 January 1710)Imperial Noble Consort Jingmin, of the Janggiya clan Wife of Subashili
Adoptive daughters and granddaughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessBackgroundIssueReference1690Bandi (班第)Khorchin BorjiginPrincess Chunxi of the First Rank (固伦纯禧公主,28 December 1671 – 13 January 1742)Father: Changning
Mother:Mistress, lady Jin1.Sailengnamuzha'er (塞楞納穆扎爾/塞楞纳穆扎尔)June 1720AlabudanTumedPrincess of the Third RankFather: Yunreng
Mother: Lady Guwalgiyabefore 1740Abao (阿宝)Alxa BorjiginPrincess Daokexin of the Third Rank (道恪欣郡主)Father: Boguoduo
Mother: Princess Consort Zhuangjing of the First Rank, lady Chahar Borjigit Gumubuzao Lobzang Dorji Larjiwang
Daughters of the Yongzheng Emperor
Biological daughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessMotherIssueReferences1712Xingde (星德)Nara clanPrincess Huaike of the Second Rank (和碩懷恪公主; 15 August 1695 – April/May 1717)Consort Qi
Adopted daughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessBackgroundIssueReferences1726Janggimboo (观音保)Khorchin BorjiginPrincess Shushen of the Second Rank (和硕淑慎公主)Father: Yunreng Mother: Secondary crown princess, lady Tanggiya Princess Consort Xun, wife of Yongzhang6.12.1729Dorji SeptengKhalkha BorjiginPrincess Hehui of the Second Rank (和硕和惠公主)Father: Yinxiang, Prince Yi Mother: Princess Consort Yixian of the First Rank, lady Joogiya Jaisang Dorji (斋桑多尔济)1731Chimed Dorji (齐默特多尔济)Khorchin Borjigin Princess Duanrou of the Second Rank (和碩端柔公主; 13 April 1714 – 23 January 1755),Father:Yunlu Mother:Princess Consort Zhuangke of the First Rank, lady Gorolo
Daughters of the Qianlong Emperor
Biological daughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessMotherIssueReferences1746Septeng BaljurKhorchin BorjiginPrincess Hejing of the First Rank (1731-1792)Empress Xiaoxianchun1.Princess Consort of the Fourth Rank, wife of Miande 2. NN
3.Wife of Jikejizhabu (济克济札布) of the Aohan Borjigin clan
4.Wife of Fengshenjilun (丰神吉伦) of the Fuca clan
1.Eleke Temur Erke Babai (厄勒克特穆尔额尔克巴拜)10.05.1760Fulong'an (福隆安)Fuca clanPrincess Hejia of the Second Rank (和硕和嘉公主,24 December 1745 – 29 October 1767)Imperial Noble Consort Chunhui1.Fengshenjilun (丰神吉伦) 2.Fengshenguolemin (丰神果勒敏)1770Lhawang Dorji (拉旺多尔济)Khalkha BorjiginPrincess Hejing of the First RankEmpress Xiaoyichun1771Jalantai (扎兰泰)UyaPrincess Heke of the Second Rank1.Wife of Rinchen Dorji (林沁多尔济)12.01.1790FengshenyindeNiohuruGurun Princess HexiaoConsort Dun1.Fu'en (弗恩) - adopted
Adopted daughters +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessBackgroundIssueReferences13.01.1751Deleke (德勒克, d.1794)Barin BorjiginPrincess Hewan of the Second Rank (和碩和婉公主; 24 July 1734 – 2 May 1760)Father: Hongzhou, Prince He Mother: Princess Consort Hegong of the First Rank, lady Ujaku1.Princess Consort Lu of the Second Rank, wife of Mianhui
Daughters of the Jiaqing Emperor +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessMotherIssueReferences24.12.1801Sodnamdorji (索特納木多布濟/索特纳木多尔济; d. 1825)Khorchin BorjiginPrincess Zhuangjing of the Second Rank (和硕庄敬公主; 30 January 1782 – 4 April 1811)Imperial Noble Consort Heyu Sengge Rinchen (adopted)1802Manibadala Tumed BorjiginPrincess Zhuangjing of the First Rank (固伦庄静公主; 20 October 1784 – 27 June 1811)Empress Xiaoshurui
Daughters of the Daoguang Emperor +YearPrince ConsortClanPrincessMotherIssueReferences15.11.1841Demchugjab (德穆楚克扎布, d.1865)Naiman BorjiginGurun Princess Shou'an (固伦寿安公主;12 May 1826 – 24 March 1860) Empress XiaoquanchengSon:
Sagala (萨嘎拉) - adopted3.01.1843Enchong (恩崇)NamduluPrincess Shouzang of the First Rank (寿臧和硕公主; 15 November 1829 – 9 August 1856)Consort XiangSon: