Pelkonen is a surname. It is most common in Finland and Sweden. Notable people with the surname include:
Aarne Pelkonen (1891–1959), Finnish gymnast Jaana Pelkonen (born 1977), Finnish politician and television hostess Jyri Pelkonen (born 1965), Finnish Nordic combined skier Pentti Pelkonen (born 1930), Finnish cross-country skier Rainer Pelkonen (born 1928), Finnish hurdler