List of Santalales of South Africa

Santalales is an order of flowering plants. Many of the members of the order are parasitic plants, mostly hemiparasites, able to produce sugars through photosynthesis, but tapping the stems or roots of other plants to obtain water and minerals, though some are obligate parasites, with low concentrations of chlorophyll and derive the majority of their sustenance from their hosts' vascular tissues. Most have seeds without testae (seed coats), which is unusual for flowering plants.

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened. Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).

Three families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Loranthaceae Family: Loranthaceae,

Actinanthella Genus Actinanthella: Actinanthella wyliei (Sprague) Wiens, endemic

Agelanthus Genus Agelanthus: Agelanthus crassifolius (Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, endemic Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous Agelanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic Agelanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. natalitius, indigenous Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous Agelanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic Agelanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Polhill & Wiens, endemic Agelanthus transvaalensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous

Erianthemum Genus Erianthemum: Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tiegh. indigenous Erianthemum ngamicum (Sprague) Danser, indigenous

Helixanthera Genus Helixanthera: Helixanthera garciana (Engl.) Danser, indigenous Helixanthera subcylindrica (Sprague) Danser, accepted as Helixanthera woodii (Schltr. & K.Krause) Danser, present Helixanthera woodii (Schltr. & K.Krause) Danser, indigenous

Loranthus Genus Loranthus: Loranthus natalitius Meisn. var. minor (Harv.) J.M.Wood, accepted as Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous

Moquinia Genus Moquinia: Moquinia rubra A.Spreng. accepted as Moquiniella rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle, indigenous

Moquiniella Genus Moquiniella: Moquiniella rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle, indigenous

Odontella Genus Odontella: Odontella welwitschii (Engl.) Balle, accepted as Oncocalyx welwitschii (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens

Oncocalyx Genus Oncocalyx: Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, indigenous Oncocalyx quinquenervius (Hochst.) Wiens & Polhill, endemic

Pedistylis Genus Pedistylis: Pedistylis galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague) Wiens, indigenous

Plicosepalus Genus Plicosepalus: Plicosepalus amplexicaulis Wiens, indigenous Plicosepalus kalachariensis (Schinz) Danser, indigenous Plicosepalus undulatus (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. indigenous

Septulina Genus Septulina: Septulina glauca (Thunb.) Tiegh. indigenous Septulina ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. indigenous

Tapinanthus Genus Tapinanthus: Tapinanthus carsonii (Baker & Sprague) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens Tapinanthus ceciliae (N.E.Br.) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus cinereus (Engl.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera cinerea (Engl.) Balle Tapinanthus crassifolius Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus crassifolius (Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus discolor (Schinz) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus discolor (Schinz) Balle Tapinanthus forbesii (Sprague) Wiens, indigenous Tapinanthus glaucocarpus (Peyr.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera glaucocarpa (Peyr.) Balle Tapinanthus gracilis Toelken & Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus guerichii (Engl.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera guerichii (Engl.) Balle Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. kraussianus, accepted as Agelanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. transvaalensis (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus transvaalensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus leendertziae (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Tapinanthus quequensis (Weim.) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. natalitius, accepted as Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. natalitius, present Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Danser, indigenous Tapinanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. accepted as Agelanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus quequensis (Weim.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous Tapinanthus rubromarginatus (Engl.) Danser, indigenous Tapinanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Polhill & Wiens, present Tapinanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Polhill & Wiens

Tieghemia Genus Tieghemia: Tieghemia bolusii (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, present Tieghemia quinquenervius (Hochst.) Balle, accepted as Oncocalyx quinquenervius (Hochst.) Wiens & Polhill, present Tieghemia rogersii (Sprague ex Burtt Davy) Wiens, accepted as Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, present

Vanwykia Genus Vanwykia: Vanwykia remota (Baker & Sprague) Wiens, indigenous

Olacaceae Family: Olacaceae,

Olax Genus Olax: Olax dissitiflora Oliv. indigenous

Ximenia Genus Ximenia: Ximenia americana L. indigenous Ximenia americana L. var. microphylla Welw. ex Oliv. indigenous Ximenia afra Sond. indigenous Ximenia afra Sond. var. afra, indigenous Ximenia afra Sond. var. natalensis Sond. indigenous

Santalaceae Family: Santalaceae,

Colpoon Genus Colpoon: Colpoon compressum P.J.Bergius, indigenous Colpoon speciosum (A.W.Hill) P.A.Bean, indigenous

Lacomucinaea Genus Lacomucinaea: Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia, indigenous

Osyridicarpos Genus Osyridicarpos: Osyridicarpos schimperianus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.DC. indigenous

Osyris Genus Osyris: Osyris compressa (P.J.Bergius) A.DC. accepted as Colpoon compressum P.J.Bergius, indigenous Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud. indigenous Osyris speciosa (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, accepted as Colpoon speciosum (A.W.Hill) P.A.Bean, endemic

Rhoiacarpos Genus Rhoiacarpos: Rhoiacarpos capensis (Harv.) A.DC. endemic

Thesidium Genus Thesidium: Thesidium exocarpaeoides Sond. accepted as Thesium microcarpum A.DC. indigenous Thesidium fragile (Thunb.) Sond. accepted as Thesium confusum J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic Thesidium fruticulosum A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic Thesidium globosum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. indigenous Thesidium hirtum Sond. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. endemic Thesidium leptostachyum (A.DC.) Sond. accepted as Thesium leptostachyum A.DC. endemic Thesidium longifolium A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, indigenous Thesidium microcarpum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium microcarpum A.DC. indigenous Thesidium minus A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, indigenous Thesidium podocarpum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous Thesidium thunbergii Sond. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous

Thesium Genus Thesium: Thesium abietinum Schltr. accepted as Thesium imbricatum Thunb. present Thesium acuminatum A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium acutissimum A.DC. indigenous Thesium affine Schltr. accepted as Thesium quinqueflorum Sond. present Thesium aggregatum A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium alatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous Thesium albomontanum Compton, endemic Thesium angulosum DC. endemic Thesium annulatum A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium archeri Compton, endemic Thesium aristatum Schltr. accepted as Thesium spinulosum A.DC. present Thesium asperifolium A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium asterias A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium bathyschistum Schltr. endemic Thesium boissierianum A.DC. endemic Thesium brachygyne Schltr. endemic Thesium breyeri N.E.Br. indigenous Thesium burchellii A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium burkei A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium capitatum L. endemic Thesium capitellatum A.DC. endemic Thesium capituliflorum Sond. endemic Thesium carinatum A.DC. indigenous Thesium carinatum A.DC. var. carinatum, endemic Thesium carinatum A.DC. var. pallidum A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium celatum N.E.Br. indigenous Thesium commutatum Sond. endemic Thesium confine Sond. indigenous Thesium confusum J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic Thesium congestum R.A.Dyer, indigenous Thesium conostylum Schltr. accepted as Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. subglabrum A.W.Hill, present Thesium cordatum A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium coriarium A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium cornigerum A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium corymbuligerum Sond. accepted as Thesium virgatum Lam. present Thesium costatum A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. costatum, indigenous Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. juniperinum A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. paniculatum N.E.Br. indigenous Thesium crassifolium Sond. endemic Thesium cupressoides A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium cymosum A.W.Hill, indigenous Thesium cytisoides A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium utile A.W.Hill, present Thesium davidsonae Brenan, endemic Thesium deceptum N.E.Br. endemic Thesium decipiens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous Thesium densiflorum A.DC. endemic Thesium densum N.E.Br. endemic Thesium disciflorum A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium disparile N.E.Br. endemic Thesium dissitiflorum Schltr. endemic Thesium diversifolium Sond. endemic Thesium dumale N.E.Br. accepted as Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium durum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous Thesium ecklonianum Sond. endemic Thesium elatius Sond. endemic Thesium ephedroides A.W.Hill, accepted as Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia Thesium equisetoides Welw. ex Hiern, indigenous Thesium ericaefolium A.DC. endemic Thesium euphorbioides L. endemic Thesium euphrasioides A.DC. endemic Thesium exile N.E.Br. endemic Thesium fallax Schltr. endemic Thesium fimbriatum A.W.Hill, endemic Thesium flexuosum A.DC. endemic Thesium foliosum A.DC. endemic