Kyrgyzstan–Turkey relations

Kyrgyzstan–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Kyrgyzstan and Turkey. Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Bishkek.

Diplomatic relations

Pan-TurkicAkiner, Shirin. Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union: An Historical and Statistical Handbook. New York: Routledge, 1986. solidarityAdshead, Samuel Adrian M. Central Asia in World History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. has prompted Turkey to expand tiesAkiner, Shirin, ed. Economic and Political Trends in Central Asia. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1992. with Kyrgyzstan. Subsequently, Turkey concluded numerous cultural,Aziz, Sartaj. "The Rediscovery of Central Asia," Economics Review [Karachi], 23, June 1999, pp. 15-17. economic,Dienes, Leslie. "Economic Geographic Relations in the Post- Soviet Republics," Post-Soviet Geography, 34, October 1993, pp. 497-529. and technical aid agreementsFierman, William, ed. Soviet Central Asia: The Failed Transformation. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991. with Kyrgyzstan and sponsored its full membershipHostler, Charles Warren. The Turks of Central Asia. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2003. in the ECO, a regional trade pact whose original members were Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey.

Turkey lacked adequate economic resourcesAkchurin, Marat. "Soviet Muslims: Seeking Reform, Not Revolution," World and I, 6, October 1991, pp. 86-93. to alleviate Kyrgyzstan's economic decline, which was the worst in CIS. After the failure of many joint ventures in Kyrgyzstan,Pilkington, John. "Kyrgyzstan: A Tale of Two Journeys," Geographical Magazine, 65, April 1993, pp. 8-12. Turkey concluded that Kyrgyzstan is too small and too poor to be economically viableRotor, Igor. "Kyrgyzstan: Capitalist Experiment in Central Asia," Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, 44, April 8, 1992, pp. 4- 5. without Russian assistance and reoriented its policies to narrowly definePryde, Ian. "Kyrgyzstan: The Trials of Independence, "Journal of Democracy, 5, January 1994, pp. 109-20. its support as supplier of technical assistanceAndreyev, Nikolai. "What Future for Uzbekistan, Kirgizia, Turkmenia?" Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, 44, July 22, 1992, pp. 8-11. and investments.

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Turkish foreign policy perceived an opportunity to obtain alignments with the various Turkic-speaking states in Central Asia. Turkey quickly arranged diplomatic exchanges with the heads of government of newly independent Kyrgyzstan, becoming the first country to recognize Kyrgyzstan on December 16, 1991. Diplomatic relations between two countries were established on 29 January 1992. The Embassies were reciprocally opened in Bishkek and Ankara in 1992.

This pan-Turkic foreign policy thrust Turkey into competition with Russia. Kyrgyzstan ultimately aligned more closely with Russia. It provided a more sustainable source of economic assistance than Ankara; the militaries of these nations had been trained by and felt close to the former Soviet military; and the region's infrastructure was tied to Russia.Turan, I. 1984 “The Evolution of Political Culture in Turkey,” in Modern Turkey: Continuity and Change, ed. Ahmet Evin. Opladen, Germany: Leske Verlag+Budrich GmbH, pp.85–112.

By 2019, more than 100 bilateral agreements and protocols were concluded between the two countries to lay the legal ground of relations and numerous mutual high level visits were place.

Presidential visits Guest Host Place of visit Date of visit President Sooronbay Jeenbekov President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Presidential Complex, Ankara April 9–11, 2018 President Sooronbay Jeenbekov President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Presidential Complex, Ankara July 9, 2018 President Sadyr Japarov President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Presidential Complex, Ankara June 9, 2021

Economic relations Trade volume between the two countries was US$519 million in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: US$442/77 million).

Kyrgyzstan–Turkey relations

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