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The Gelae (,Strabo, Geographica, xi. pp. 508, 510. ,Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", c. 35. or ,Ptolemy, Geographia. Gélai or Géloi ), or Gelians, were a Scythian tribe mentioned by Strabo and other ancient writers as living on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. The name of the province Gilan might possibly be derived from the Gelae. Josef Wiesehöfer stated that the Gelae were a Median people of Scythian origin, who were identified with the Cadusians in ancient sources.Josef Wiesehöfer: G(a)eli. In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Band 4, Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01474-6, Sp. 732.
Classical sources Strabo first mentions the Gelae, along with the Legae, in the fifth chapter of the eleventh book of his Geographica, who according to Theophanes of Mytilene, Pompey's compaignon in his Caucasian campaign in the first century BC, lived between the Amazons and the Albanians, thus, were placed in Northern Caucasus. Plutarch specified that the Amazons did not border on the Albanians but were divided by them from the Gelae and Legae. Therefore, they must have been peoples neighbouring the Albanians, but distinct from them.
Strabo's second account of the Gelae, mentions them among the tribes of the southern Caspian which included the Cadusii, Amardi, Witii, and Anariacae,Strabo, Geographica, XI. p. 508. in a manner which does not agree with what he initially says of their position. We must perhaps suppose that this people, in part at least, have changed either changed their place of residence or were perhaps another tribe with a similar name. If, as seems probable, this description accurately represents their distribution from west to east, then the Gelae would have lived directly east of the river Araxes, along the border of Armenia. Their territory is supposed to have been relatively unproductive, of little agricultural or mineral value. Pliny considers the Gelae and the Cadusii to be synonymous, with "Cadusii" being the tribe's name in Greek, and "Gelae" being its eastern equivalent.Pliny, Historia Naturalis, vi. 16. s. 18. If he is correct, then it is likely that the name of modern Gilan is derived from the Gelae.
According to the late-classical author Bardaisan, the Gelae (Gilites) who lived along the Caspian, had feminine men and masculine women, like the citizens of Cumae under the tyrant Aristodemus.
Recent scholarship Modern scholars have developed various hypotheses about the original location, ethnicity, and the language of the Gelae. Arnold Chikobava, Ivane Javakhishvili, William E.D. Allen, Pyotr Butkov, Adolf Bergé, and others, attribute the Gelae to the modern Galgaï (Ingush). Peter von Uslar wrote, that traces of the name of Gelae can be found in northern Dagestan. The connection between the name of Gilan and the Gelae was further discussed by Vasily Bartold and E.A. Grantovsky, who accept Pliny's identification of the Gelae and Cadusii as one people who spoke an ancestral form of the Talysh language, one of the Iranian languages.
References
Bibliography Strabo, Geographica. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Plutarch), Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans. Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), Geographia.
Kamilla Trever, "Albania in the IV–II Centuries BCE", in Essays on the History and Culture of Caucasian Albania: IV Century BC–VII Century AD (1959). "Onomastics and Epigraphy of Medieval Eastern Europe and Byzantium" (1993), p. 204. Naturkunde: Lateinisch-Deutsch, Buch VI, Kai Brodersen, ed., Zürich (1996), p. 184. A.K. Alikberov, "To the Sources and Historical Foundations of the Koranic story about Yl'juj, Ma'juj and Zu-l-Karnain", in Ars Islamica: In Honor of Stanislav Mikhailovich Prozorov, Nauka, Moscow (2016), p. 350.
External links Cadusii, at Encyclopædia Iranica.