This is a chronological table of metaheuristic algorithms that only contains fundamental computational intelligence algorithms. Hybrid algorithms and multi-objective algorithms are not listed in the table below.
Categories Evolutionary-based Trajectory-based Nature-inspired Swarm-based Bio-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based Human-based Plant-based Art-inspired Ancient-inspired
The table +NameAbbreviationMain categorySubcategoryYear publishedRef.Simulated AnnealingSATrajectory-based-1983Tabu SearchTSTrajectory-based-1989Genetic AlgorithmGAEvolutionary-based-1992Evolutionary AlgorithmEAEvolutionary-based-1994Cultural AlgorithmCA1994Particle Swarm OptimizationPSONature-inspiredSwarm-based 1995Differential EvolutionDEEvolutionary-based-1997Local SearchLS1997Variable neighborhood searchVNSTrajectory-based -1997Guided Local SearchGLSTrajectory-based -1998Clonal Selection AlgorithmCSAEvolutionary-based -2000Harmony SearchHSEvolutionary-based-2001Memetic AlgorithmMAEvolutionary-based-2002Iterative Local SearchILSTrajectory-based-2003Artificial Bee ColonyABCNature-inspiredBio-inspired2005Ant Colony OptimizationACONature-inspiredBio-inspired2006Glowworm Swarm OptimizationGSONature-inspiredSwarm-based 2006Shuffled Frog Leaping AlgorithmSFLANature-inspiredBio-inspired2006Invasive Weed OptimizationIWONature-inspiredPlant-based2006Seeker Optimization AlgorithmSOANature-inspiredHuman-based2006Imperialistic Competitive AlgorithmICANature-inspiredHuman-based2007Central Force OptimizationCFO2007Biogeography Based OptimizationBBONature-inspiredHuman-based2008Firefly AlgorithmFANature-inspiredBio-inspired2008Intelligent Water DropsIWDNature-inspiredSwarm-based2008Monkey AlgorithmMANature-inspiredBio-inspired2008Zhao R Q, Tang W S. Monkey algorithm for global numerical optimization. Journal of Uncertain Systems. 2008,2 (3):164-175.Cuckoo SearchCSNature-inspiredBio-inspired2009Group Search OptimizerGSONature-inspiredSwarm-based2009Key Cutting AlgorithmKCA2009Hunting SearchHSNature-inspiredSwarm-based2009Chemical Reaction OptimizationCRONature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2009Bat AlgorithmBANature-inspiredBio-inspired2010Charged System SearchCSSNature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2010Eagle StrategyESNature-inspired2010Fireworks AlgorithmFWA2010Cuckoo Optimization AlgorithmCOANature-inspiredBio-inspired2011Stochastic Diffusion SearchSDS2011Teaching-Learning-Based OptimizationTLBONature-inspiredHuman-based2011Bacterial Colony OptimizationBCO2012Fruit Fly OptimizationFFO2012Krill Herd AlgorithmKHANature-inspiredBio-inspired 2012Migrating Birds OptimizationMBONature-inspiredSwarm-based2012Water Cycle AlgorithmWCA2012Backtracking Search AlgorithmBSAEvolutionary-based-2013Black Hole AlgorithmBHNature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based 2013Dolphin EcholocationDENature-inspiredBio-inspired2013Animal Migration OptimizationAMONature-inspiredSwarm-based2013Keshtel AlgorithmKANature-inspired2014SDA Optimization AlgorithmSDANature-inspiredBio-inspired2014Artificial Root Foraging AlgorithmARFANature-inspiredPlant-based2014Bumble Bees Mating OptimizationBBMO2014Chicken Swarm OptimizationCSONature-inspiredBio-inspired2014Colliding Bodies OptimizationCBO2014Coral Reefs Optimization AlgorithmCROA2014Flower Pollination AlgorithmFPANature-inspiredPlant-based2014Radial Movement OptimizationRMONature-inspiredSwarm-based2014Spider Monkey OptimizationSMONature-inspiredBio-inspired2014Soccer League CompetitionSLCNature-inspiredHuman-based2014Artificial Algae AlgorithmAAA2015Adaptive Dimensional SearchADS2015Alienated Ant AlgorithmAAA2015Artificial Fish Swarm AlgorithmAFSANature-inspired2015Bottlenose Dolphin OptimizationBDONature-inspired2015Cricket AlgorithmCA2015Elephant Search AlgorithmESANature-inspiredBio-inspired2015Grey Wolf OptimizerGWONature-inspiredBio-inspired 2015Jaguar AlgorithmJANature-inspiredBio-inspired2015Locust Swarm AlgorithmLSANature-inspiredSwarm-based2015Moth-Flame OptimizationMFONature-inspiredBio-inspired2015Stochastic Fractal SearchSFFEvolutionary-based-2015Vortex Search AlgorithmVSANature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2015Water Wave OptimizationWWANature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2015Ant Lion OptimizerALONature-inspiredBio-inspired2015African Buffalo OptimizationABONature-inspiredSwarm-based2015Lightning Search AlgorithmLSANature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2015Across Neighborhood SearchANSEvolutionary-based-2016Crow Search AlgorithmCSANature-inspiredBio-inspired2016Electromagnetic Field OptimizationEFONature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2016Joint Operations AlgorithmJOANature-inspiredSwarm-based2016Lion Optimization AlgorithmLOANature-inspiredBio-inspired2016Sine Cosine AlgorithmSCANature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2016Virus Colony SearchVCSNature-inspiredBio-inspired2016Whale Optimization AlgorithmWOANature-inspiredBio-inspired2016Red Deer AlgorithmRDANature-inspiredBio-inspired2016Phototropic Optimization AlgorithmPOANature-inspiredPlant-based2018Coyote Optimization AlgorithmCOANature-inspiredSwarm-based 2018Owl Search AlgorithmOSANature-inspiredBio-inspired2018Squirrel Search AlgorithmSSANature-inspiredBio-inspired2018Social Engineering OptimizerSEONature-inspiredHuman-based2018Emperor Penguin OptimizerEPONature-inspiredBio-inspired2018Socio Evolution and Learning OptimizationSELONature-inspiredHuman-based2018Future Search AlgorithmFSANature-inspiredHuman-based2019Emperor Penguins ColonyEPCNature-inspiredSwarm-based 2019Thermal Exchange OptimizationTEONature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based 2019Harris Hawks OptimizationHHONature-inspiredBio-inspired2019Political OptimizerPONature-inspiredHuman-based2020Heap-Based OptimizerHBONature-inspiredHuman-based2020Color Harmony AlgorithmCHAArt-inspired Color-based2020Stochastic Paint OptimizerSPOArt-inspiredColor-based2020Mayfly Optimization AlgorithmMOANature-inspiredBio-inspired2020Giza Pyramids ConstructionGPCAncient-inspired-2020Fire Hawk OptimizerFHONature-inspiredBio-inspired2022Flying Fox Optimization AlgorithmFFONature-inspiredBio-inspired2023Waterwheel Plant AlgorithmWWPANature-inspiredPlant-based2023Energy Valley OptimizerEVONature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2023Special Forces AlgorithmSFANature-inspiredSwarm-based2023Squid Game OptimizerSGONature-inspiredHuman-based2023Snow Ablation OptimizerSAONature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2023Spider Wasp OptimizationSWONature-inspiredBio-inspired2023Dujiangyan Irrigation SystemDISOAncient-inspired -2023Great Wall Construction AlgorithmGWCAAncient-inspired -2023Puma OptimizerPONature-inspiredBio-inspired2024Walrus OptimizerWONature-inspiredBio-inspired2024Divine Religions AlgorithmDRAEvolutionary-based -2025Tianji’s Horse Racing OptimizationTHROAncient-inspired -2025Schrödinger OptimizerSRANature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2025Stellar Oscillation OptimizerSOONature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2025Dhole Optimization AlgorithmDOANature-inspiredBio-inspired2025Hannibal Barca OptimizerHBOAncient-inspired -2025Octopus Optimization AlgorithmOOANature-inspiredBio-inspired2025Bitterling Colony OptimizationBCONature-inspiredBio-inspired2025Star DeathSDNature-inspiredPhysics/Chemistry-based2025
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