Baroja is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alain Baroja (born 1989), Venezuelan footballer Carmen Baroja (1883–1950), Spanish writer and ethnologist José Baroja (1983-), Chilean writer Julio Caro Baroja (1914–1995), Spanish anthropologist, historian, linguist and essayist Pío Baroja (1872–1956), Spanish writer Pío Caro Baroja (1928–2015), Spanish film and television director, screenwriter, and author Ricardo Baroja (1871–1953), Spanish painter, writer and engraver Serafin Baroja (1840–1912), Spanish writer and engineer