The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings.
They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.
In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na2SO4•Na2CO3 is stable as a solid solution. Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na2SO4 can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate.
Minerals nameformulasystemspace groupunit cellvolume Å3densityopticalrefBrianyoungiteZn12(CO3)3(SO4)(OH)16MonoclinicP21/ma = 15.724 b = 6.256 c = 5.427 β = 90°533.84.09Biaxial nα = 1.635 nβ = 1.650BurkeiteNa6(CO3)(SO4)2orthorhombica = 7.05 b = 9.21 c = 5.16335.042.57Biaxial (-) nα = 1.448 nβ = 1.489 nγ = 1.493
2V: measured: 34° , calculated: 32°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.045CaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6OrthorhombicPmn21a = 20.089 b = 7.146 c = 6.56941.75.77Biaxial (-) nα = 1.818(3) nβ = 1.866(3) nγ = 1.909(3)
2V: measured: 85° , calculated: 84°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.091
bluish greenCarraraiteCa3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OhexagonalP63/m?a = 11.056 c = 10.6291125.17Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.479(1) nε = 1.509(1) Max birefringence: δ = 0.030CarbonatecyanotrichiteCu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2OOrthorhombicBiaxial (+) nα = 1.616 nβ = 1.630 nγ = 1.677 2V: measured: 55° to 60°, calculated: 60°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.061
pale blueClaraite(Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2OtriclinicPa = 10.3343 b = 12.8212 c = 14.7889 α = 113.196°, β = 90.811°, γ = 89.818°1800.9FerrotychiteNa6(Fe,Mn,Mg)2(CO3)4(SO4)IsometricFd3a = 13.9622,721.72.79Isotropic n = 1.550HanksiteNa22K(SO4)9(CO3)2ClhexagonalP 63/ma = 10.4896 c = 21.24152024.12.562Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.481 nε = 1.461
Max birefringence: δ = 0.020HauckiteFe3+3(Mg,Mn2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81hexagonalP6/mmm a = 9.17 c = 30.2122003.02Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.630 nε = 1.638
Max birefringence: δ = 0.008JouravskiteCa3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHexagonalP63a = 11.0713 c = 10.6265 Z=31128.02Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.556 nε = 1.540
Max birefringence: δ = 0.016KorkinoiteCa4(SO4)2(CO3)2 · 9H2OOrthorhombicPmmmBiaxial (+)Latiumite(Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3)Monoclinica = 12.06 Å, b = 5.08 Å, c = 10.81 Å β = 106°636.6Biaxial (+/-) nα = 1.600 - 1.603 nβ = 1.606 - 1.609 nγ = 1.614 - 1.615 2V: measured: 83° to 90°, calculated: 84° to 88°
Max Birefringence: δ = 0.014LeadhillitePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2MonoclinicP21/ba = 9.11 b = 20.82 c = 11.59
β = 90.46°21986.55Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.009 nγ = 2.010
2V: 10°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.140MacphersonitePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2Orthorhombica = 10.38 b = 23.05 c = 9.2422211.8Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.000 nγ = 2.010
2V: measured: 35° calculated: 28°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.140ManganotychiteNa6(Mn,Fe,Mg)2(SO4)(CO3)4IsometricFd3a = 13.99512,741.122.7n = 1.544 pinkMineevite-YNa25BaY2(SO4)11(HCO3)4(CO3)2F2ClHexagonalP63/ma = 8.811 c = 37.03 Z=22489.6Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510
Max birefringence: δ = 0.026
pale greenNakauriiteCu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6•48H2Oorthorhombica = 14.58 b = 11.47 c = 16.222,712.52.39blue
Biaxial (-) nα = 1.585 nβ = 1.604 nγ = 1.612
2V: measured: 65° , calculated: 64°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.027NasledovitePbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5 · 5H2O3.069BiaxialParaotwayiteNi(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5xmonoclinica = 7.89 b = 2.96 c = 13.63 β = 91.1°3183.30Biaxial nα = 1.655 nγ = 1.705 Max birefringence: δ = 0.050
emerald-greenPhilolithitePb12Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)4(CO3)4(SO4)O6(OH)12Cl4Tetragonala = 12.627 c = 12.5952008.2Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950
Max birefringence: δ = 0.030
apple greenPutnisiteSrCa4Cr83+(CO3)8(SO4)(OH)16·25 H2OOrthorhombicPnmaa = 15.351 b = 20.421 c = 18.270 Z = 45727.3Biaxial(-); α = 1.552 nβ = 1.583 nγ = 1.599 Max birefringence: δ =0.047
violetPyroauriteMg6Fe2(SO4,CO3)(OH)16·4H2OTrigonalR3_ma = 3.1094 c = 23.4117196.032.1Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.564 nε = 1.543 Max birefringence: δ = 0.021HexagonalP63/mmca = 3.113 c = 15.61131.01RapidcreekiteCa2(SO4)(CO3)•4H2Oorthorhombica = 15.49 b = 19.18 c = 6.151827.15Biaxial (+) nα = 1.516 nβ = 1.518 nγ = 1.531
2V: measured: 45° , calculated: 44°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.015SchröckingeriteNaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F•10(H2O)triclinicPa = 9.634 b = 9.635 c = 14.391
α = 91.41(1)°, β = 92.33(1)°, γ = 120.26(1)°Biaxial (-) nα = 1.495 nβ = 1.543 nγ = 1.544
Max birefringence: δ = 0.049SusannitePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2trigonalP3a = 9.07 Å, c = 11.57 Å Z=3824.626.52clearTatarskiteCa6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4•7H2OOrthorhombic2.341nα = 1.567(2) nβ = 1.654(2) nγ = 1.722 biaxial(-) 2V=83ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OhexagonalP63a = 11.030 c = 10.3961095.3Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.507 nε = 1.468 Max birefringence: δ = 0.039TychiteNa6Mg2(SO4)(CO3)4IsometricFd3a = 13.9038 Z=82687.822.456isotropicAlloriiteNa19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O)trigonalP31ca = 12.892 c = 21.340Potassium-SchröckingeriteKCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F•10H2OtriclinicYellow
Artificial nameformulaformula weightcrystal systemspace groupunit cellvolumedensityrefractive indexcommentCASreferenceNa4CO3SO4HexagonalPm1a=5.2284 c=6.8808 Z=12.538uniaxial (-) n=~1.45Mg4(OH)2(CO3)2SO4·6H2OLDH-SO4-CO3Mg6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2OPma=3.070 c=22.3layeredCo6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2OCu6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2OY10(SO4)5(CO3)4(OH)12(H2O)4tetragonalP21ma=10.6072 c=8.5386 Z=1960.73.308Tm10(SO4)5(CO3)4(OH)12(H2O)4tetragonalP21ma=10.5231 c=8.5117 Z=1942.554.781Yb10(SO4)5(CO3)4(OH)12(H2O)4tetragonalP21ma=10.4796 c=8.4679 Z=1929.964.919Lu10(SO4)5(CO3)4(OH)12(H2O)4tetragonalP21ma=10.4388 c=8.4414 Z=1919.855.008ComplexesTetrammine carbonatocobalt(III) sulfate trihydrate[Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4·3H2OMonoclinicP21/ca=7.455 b=10.609 c=23.627 β =98.346 Z=418491.88dark redμ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate[Co(NH3)5]2CO3SO4·4H2Odark red49731-04-6μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate[(NH3)3Co(μ-OH)2(μ-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4 . 5H2O500.21Triclinica= 6.6914 b= 11.2847 c= 11.825, α = 92.766 β= 99.096 γ= 101.496861.11.929dark red75476-69-6
References