The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate () and chloride () anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the anion.
Many minerals in this family exist. Many are found associated with volcanoes and fumaroles. As minerals they are included in the Nickel–Strunz classification group 7.DG.
The book Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these in subgroup 12.2.
List nameformularatiosystemspace groupunit cellvolumedensityopticalreferencesArzruniteCu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6·2H2O (?)1:6orthorhombicBlue BiaxialConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4·3H2O1:4hexagonalP2ca = 15.78 c = 9.101,9623.36blue
Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.724 – 1.746 nε = 1.738–1.758
Birefringence: 0.026Potassium Zinc Sulfate ChlorideK2Zn(SO4)Cl3 ?1:3ChlorothioniteK2Cu(SO4)Cl21:2orthorhombicPnmaa = 7.73 b = 6.07 c = 16.297642.67pale blue
Biaxial (+)SundiusitePb10(SO4)O8Cl21:2monoclinica = 24.67 b = 3.781 c = 11.881 β = 100.071091.1Biaxial (+) nα = 2.100 nγ = 2.170
Max birefringence: δ = 0.070Sodium Potassium Iron Sulfate Chloride(Na,K)2Fe(SO4)Cl21:2MammothitePb6Cu4AlSbVO2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)21:2monoclinicC2a = 18.959 b = 7.3399 c = 11.363 β = 112.428(9)° Z=21461.65.21blue-green
Biaxial (+) nα = 1.868 nβ = 1.892 nγ = 1.928
2V:measured: 80°
Birefringence: 0.060Zn Sulfate Chloride HydroxideZn3(SO4)(Cl,OH)21:2TatarskiteCa6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4·7H2O2:4Orthorhombic2.431Biaxial (-) nα = 1.567 nβ = 1.654 nγ = 1.722
2V: 83°Therasiaite(NH4)3KNa2FeIIFeIII(SO4)3Cl53:5monoclinica = 18.284, b = 12.073, c = 9.535 Å, β = 108.10°, and Z = 4V = 2000.6 Å3brownAcmonidesite(NH4,K,Pb)8NaFeII4(SO4)5Cl85:8orthorhombica = 9.841 Å, b = 19.448 Å, c = 17.847 Å Z=43,415.70 Å3'Ammonium-Kainite'NH4Mg(SO4)Cl·3H2O1:1AnhydrokainiteKMg(SO4)Cl1:1BelousoviteKZnSO4Cl1:1monoclinicP21/ca = 6.8904 b = 9.6115 c = 8.2144 β = 96.582 Z = 4540.43GordaiteNaZn4SO4(OH)6Cl·6H2O1:1trigonalPa=8.35 c=13.08802.67Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.561 nε = 1.538
Max birefringence: δ = 0.023KainiteKMgSO4Cl·3H2O1:1monoclinica = 19.72 b = 16.23 c = 9.53 β = 94.92°3,0392.15Biaxial (-) nα = 1.494 nβ = 1.505 nγ = 1.516
2V: measured: 90°, calculated: 88°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.022SpangoliteCu6AlSO4(OH)12Cl·3H2O1:1trigonalP31ca = 8.24 c = 14.34 Z=2843.23.14blue-green
Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.694 nε = 1.641
Max birefringence: δ = 0.053ThérèsemagnaniteNaCo4SO4(OH)6Cl·6H2O1:1trigonalPa = 8.349 c = 13.031786.62.52Uniaxial (-) ω = 1.792 nε = 1.786
Max birefringence: δ = 0.006VendidaiteAl2(SO4)(OH)3Cl·6H2O1:1monoclinicC2/ca = 11.925 b = 16.134 c = 7.4573 β = 125.815°1163.41.97Biaxial (+) nα = 1.522 nβ = 1.524 nγ = 1.527
2V: calculated: 79°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.005XitieshaniteFeIIISO4Cl·6H2O1:1monoclinicP21/aa = 14.102 b = 6.908 c = 10.673 β = 111.26° Z=4968.971.99Biaxial (+) nα = 1.536 nβ = 1.570 nγ = 1.628
2V: measured: 77°, calculated: 78°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.092Zn Sulfate-Hydroxide-Chloride-HydrateZn9SO4)2(OH)12Cl2·6H2O2:2trigonalRa = 8.275 c = 32.000 Z = 31,897.6TzeferisiteCa[Zn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2](H2O)92:2trigonalRca = 8.3797 Å, c = 68.123 Z=64142.7UM1987-14-SO:ClHZnZn12(SO4)3Cl3(OH)15·5H2O3:3AubertiteCuAl(SO4)2Cl·14H2O2:1triclinicPa=6.28 b=13.23 c=6.28 α=91.17°, β=94.67°, γ=82.45°515.501.815blue
Biaxial (-) nα = 1.462 nβ = 1.482 nγ = 1.495
2V: measured: 71° , calculated: 76°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.033Magnesioaubertite(Mg,Cu)Al(SO4)2Cl·14H2O2:1triclinicPa = 6.31 b = 13.20 c = 6.29 α = 91.74°, β = 94.55°, γ = 82.62°517.8Biaxial (-) nα = 1.466 nβ = 1.481 nγ = 1.488
2V: measured: 112° to 114°, calculated: 66°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.022KamchatkiteKCu3(SO4)2OCl2:1orthorhombicPnmaa = 9.755 b = 7.015 c = 12.866881.83.48greenish-yellow
Biaxial (+) nα = 1.695 nβ = 1.718 nγ = 1.759
2V: measured: 75° , calculated: 76°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.064AiolositeNa4Bi(SO4)3Cl3:1hexagonalP63/ma = 9.626 c = 6.880552.13.589Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.590 nε = 1.600
Max birefringence: δ = 0.010CaracoliteNa3Pb2(SO4)3Cl3:1monoclinicP63/ma = 19.62 b = 7.14 c = 9.81 β = 120°11905.1Biaxial (-) nα = 1.743 nβ = 1.754 nγ = 1.764
Max Birefringence: δ = 0.021D'AnsiteNa21Mg(SO4)10Cl310:3isometricI3da = 15.913 Z = 44,029.552.59isotropic n=1.488D'Ansite-(Fe)Na21FeII(SO4)10Cl310:3isometricI3da = 15.882 Z=44,006.042.62Isotropic n = 1.51D'Ansite-(Mn)Na21MnII(SO4)10Cl310:3isometricI3da = 15.929 Z=44,041.792.610Isotropic n = 1.50Adranosite(NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)24:1tetragonalI41/acda = 18.118, c = 11.3203,715.9Adranosite-(Fe)(NH4)4NaFeIII2(SO4)4Cl(OH)24:1tetragonalI41/acda = 18.261, c = 11.562 Z=83855.5Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.580 nε = 1.570 Birefringence: δ = 0.010BluelizarditeNa7UO2(SO4)4Cl(H2O)24:1monoclinicC2/ca = 21.1507 b = 5.3469 c = 34.6711 β = 104.913° Z=83788.913.116yellow
Biaxial (-) nα = 1.515(1) nβ = 1.540(1) nγ = 1.545(1)
2V: measured: 48°, calculated: 47.6°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.030PiypiteK4Cu4O2(SO4)4·(Na,Cu)Cl4:1Tetragonala = 13.6 c = 4.95 Z=2915.63.1green
Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.583 nε = 1.695
Max Birefringence:δ = 0.112AtlasoviteK(BiO)Cu6FeIII(SO4)5O3Cl5:1tetragonalP4/ncca = 9.86, c = 20.582,0014.2Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.783 nε = 1.776 Birefringence: δ = 0.007Three or more anionsMarinellite(Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2·3H2O2:8TrigonalP31ca = 12.88 c = 31.76145632.405Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.495 nε = 1.497
Max birefringence: δ = 0.002PhilolithitePb12O6Mn7(SO4)(CO3)4Cl4(OH)121:4Tetragonala = 12.627 c = 12.595 Z=22008.2green
Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950
Max birefringence: δ = 0.030SymesitePb10(SO4)O7Cl4·H2O1:4triclinicPa = 8.821 b = 10.776 c = 13.134 α = 68.96°, β = 86.52°, γ = 75.65° Z=21128.47.3pink Biaxial nα = 2.120 nγ = 2.160
Max birefringence: δ = 0.040BobmeyeritePb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)31:2OrthorhombicPnnma = 13.969 b = 14.24 c = 5.893 Z=21173.64.381Biaxial (-) nα = 1.756(4) nβ = 1.759(2) nγ = 1.759(2)
Max birefringence: δ = 0.003MicrosommiteNa4K2Ca2[Al6Si6O24]SO4Cl21:2Hexagonala = 22.08 c = 5.332,250Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.521 nε = 1.529 Max birefringence: δ = 0.008MattheddleitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH)3:2HexagonalP63/ma = 10.0056, c = 7.496 Z=2649.96.96Uniaxial (-) nω = 2.017 nε = 1.999 Birefringence: δ = 0.018Afghanite(Na,K)22Ca10[Si24Al24O96](SO4)6Cl66:6Trigonala = 12.796, c = 21.409 Z = 13,015.162.54Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.523 nε = 1.529 δ = 0.006Alloriite(Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl66:6trigonalP31ca = 12.892 c = 21.340 Z=43,071.612.35Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.497(2) nε = 1.499(2) Max birefringence: δ = 0.002EztlitePbII2FeIII3(TeIVO3)3(SO4)O2Cl1:1monoclinicCma = 11.466 b = 19.775 c = 20.52 β = 20.52° Z=22322.64.5red Biaxial nα = 2.140 nγ = 2.150
Max birefringence: δ = 0.010VlodavetsiteAlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl·4H2O1:1TetragonalI4/ma = 6.870, c = 13.342 Z=2629.70Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.509 nε = 1.526
Birefringence: δ = 0.017Liottite(Na,K)16Ca8[Al6Si6O24]3(SO4)5Cl45:4Hexagonala = 12.84 c = 16.092,297Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.530 nε = 1.528 Max birefringence: δ = 0.002ChlorellestaditeCa10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl23:2HexagonalP63/ma = 9.6002 c = 6.8692 Z=2548.273.091Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.664 nε = 1.659 Max birefringence δ = 0.005HeidorniteNa2Ca3B5O8(SO4)2Cl(OH)22:1monoclinica = 10.19 b = 7.76 c = 18.81 β = 93.33° Z=41,484.882.753Biaxial (+) nα = 1.579 nβ = 1.588 nγ = 1.604 2V: measured: 63° to 77°, calculated: 76°
Max birefringence: δ = 0.025Mineevite-(Y)Na25Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl2:1hexagonalP63/ma = 8.811 c = 37.032,489.62.85Pale green Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510
Max birefringence: δ = 0.026SulphohaliteNa6(SO4)2FCl2:1IsometricFmma = 10.065, Z = 41,019.6isotropic n=1.455Tounkite(Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2Cl·H2O2:1hexagonala = 12.84 c = 32.234,602Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.528 nε = 1.543
Max birefringence: δ = 0.015AlloriiteNa19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O)5:1trigonalP31ca = 12.892 c = 21.340GaleiteNa15(SO4)5F4Cl5:1trigonala = 12.17 c = 13.941788Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.447 nε = 1.449 Max birefringence: δ = 0.002NabokoiteKCu7(SO4)5(TeIVO3)OCl5:1Tetragonala = 9.84 Å, c = 20.521,986.86nω = 1.778 nε = 1.773 uniaxial (-)SchaireriteNa21(SO4)7ClF67:1Trigonala = 12.17 c = 19.292,4742.612Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.440 nε = 1.445 Max birefringence: δ = 0.005HanksiteNa22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl9:1HexagonalP 63/ma = 10.4896 c = 21.24152024.1Sacrofanite[Na61K19Ca32][Si84Al84O336](SO4)26Cl2F6·2H2O26:2hexagonalP2ca = 12.86 c = 72.24 Z=1410,3462.423Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.505 nε = 1.486
Max birefringence:δ = 0.019
Artificial nameformularatio SO4:Clsystemspace groupunit cellvolumedensityopticalreferences'Ammonium-zinc-Kainite'NH4ZnSO4Cl·3H2O1:1nonasodium tetrakis(sulfate) chloride diperhydrateNa9(SO4)4Cl·2H2O24:1tetragonalP 4/nMW=694.63 a=29.6829 b=29.6829 c=8.4018 Z=167402.62.493colourless'zinc-Kainite'KZn(SO4)Cl·3H2O1:1n=1.24Li2RbSO4Cl1:1orthorhombicP212121a=4.8465 b=8.323 c=14.004 Z=4564.02.714indium sulfate chlorideIn2(SO4)3·InCl3·(17±1)H2O3:3Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl3:1hexagonalP63/mNa3Ca2(SO4)3Cl3:1orthorhombic > 897 KNa3Cd2(SO4)3Cl3:1hexagonalP63/mNa3Cd2(SO4)3Cl3:1monoclinic >494KK3Ca2(SO4)3Cl3:1K3Pb2(SO4)3Cl3:1K4Sb(SO4)3Cl3:1noncentrosymmetricnon-linear optic high birefringence.Calcium chlorosulfatosilicateCa10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl23:2hexagonala=9.688 c=6.849monoaxial,(-) , No = 1.665, Ne' = 1.659[Fe2Al4(OH)11](SO4)3Cl3:1Lithium gordaiteLiZn4(OH)6(SO4)Cl·6H2O1:1?c=17.84NH4SnClSO41:1monoclinicP21/ca=5.8628 b=4.6805 c=22.865 β=93.081° Z=4525.542.844colourless; birefringence: 0.1845@1064 nmK3Sn2(SO4)3Cl3:1stable to 440 °CRb3Sn2(SO4)2Cl32:3monoclinicC2/ma=21.153 b=5.1751 c= 6.9327 β =95.844 Z=2754.973.485stable to 350 °CNH4SbCl2SO41:2orthorhombicP212121a=6.3616 b=7.3110 c=15.827 Z=2736.132.768colourless SHG 1.7×KDP(NH4)2SbCl(SO4)22:1orthorhombicPnmaa=8.6044 b=16.5821 c=7.1007 Z=21013.12.527colourlessRbSbSO4Cl21:2orthorhombicP212121a=6.3469 b=7.4001 c=15.7798 Z=2741.143.353SHG 2.7×KDPCs3Sn2(SO4)2Cl32:3monoclinicC2/ma=22.222 b=5.1992 c= 7.2661 β =97.030 Z=2833.173.725stable to 190 °Cgadolinium chloride sulfateGdClSO41:1monoclinicP21/ca = 9.437 6.5759 6.8005 β = 104.87 Z=4[Hf18O10(OH)26(SO4)12.7(H2O)20]Cl0.6·nH2OhexagonalP63/ma=33.924 c=17.3577 Z=6170963.474KBiCl2SO41:2orthorhombicP212121a= 7.2890 b=6.3673 c=15.3306 Z=4711.513.875band gap 3.95 eVRbBiCl2SO41:2orthorhombicP212121a= 6.3352 b=7.4450 c=15.5302 Z=4732.494.184colourless NLO SHGNH4BiCl2SO41:2orthorhombicP212121a=7.3845 b=6.3593 c=15.5636 Z=4730.873.581colourless NLO SHGbismuth guanidinium dichloride sulfate[C(NH2)3]BiCl2SO41:2triclinicPa=6.4179 b=12.8984 c=12.9703 α=61.965° β=88.400° γ=76.935° Z=2919.333.150birefringence 0.143@546 nmTripotassium dibismuth pentachloride dioxide disulfateK3Bi2Cl5O2(SO4)22:5triclinicPa=6.513 b=7.2500 c=10.7916 al=82.500 be=83.742 ga=82.100485.89band gap 3.62 eVK4[NpO2(SO4)2]Cl2:1monoclinicP2/na=10.0873 b=4.5354 c=14.3518 β=103.383 Z=2638.763.395light greenRb4[NpO2(SO4)2]Cl2:1monoclinicP2/na=10.5375 b=4.6151 c=16.068 β=103.184 Z=2599.333.982light greencomplexes[Pt2(SO4)4Cl(H2O)]3−4:1Hf(SO4)2Cl−2:1
Some "chloride sulfates" are sold as solutions in water and used for water treatment. These include ferric chloride sulfate and polyaluminium sulfate chloride. The solutions may also be called "chlorosulfates" even though they do not contain a chlorosulfate group.
References