Sultan (Ottoman Turkish:سلطان) and Hatun (Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ хатан; Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: katun; Ottoman Turkish: خاتون, romanized: hatun or قادین romanized: kadın; Persian: خاتون khātūn; Chinese: 可敦; Hindi: ख़ातून romanized: khātūn) are the two imperial female titles that were given to Ottoman Princesses, daughters of Ottoman Sultans.
Title and treatment Titles For the daughters of a sovereign Sultan or a daughter of a son of a sultan the titles that were used are:
Lady (hatun, خاتون). Used before 16th century and also used for sultan's mothers and consorts. Format style: "(given name) Hatun", i.e. Lady (given name) Sultana (sultan, سلطان). Used after 16th century. Formal title: Short: "(given name) Sultan", i.e. Sultana (given name), with the style of sultanım (my sultan(a)) or efendim (my mistress). Full: Devletlû İsmetlu (given name) Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri
For the sons and daughters of sultana the titles that were used are:
For a son:
Prince Sultan (sultanzade, سلطانزاده). Sons of sultanas (imperial princesses). Formal title: "Sultanzade (given name) Bey-Efendi", i.e. Sir Prince Sultan (given name)
For a daughter:
Sultana madam (hanımsultan, خانم سلطان). Daughters of sultanas (imperial princesses). Formal title: "(given name) Hanımsultan", i.e. Sultana madam (given name)
Treatments
Before the 16th century, Ottoman imperial princesses and consorts of the Sultan held the same title after their given name, hatun, the Turkish form of the Mongolian title khatun (the feminine equivalent of khan). By the beginning of the 16th century, Bayezid II (1481-1512), once ascended to the throne, granted his daughters and granddaughters in the male line the title of "Sultan" and his granddaughters in the female line that of "Hanımsultan", which replaced the simple honorific "Hatun" in use until then. His grandsons in female line obtained instead the title of "Sultanzade". Bayezid's reform of female titles remains in effect today among the surviving members of the Ottoman dynasty. So ottoman princesses held the title of sultan after their given name. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.
The formal way of addressing an Ottoman princess is Devletlû İsmetlu (given name) Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri, i.e., Sultana (given name). The title of sons of princesses are sultanzade and daughters of princesses are hanimsultan. The title of the consorts of princesses are called damat, the princess also had the right never to consummate the marriage this is because they were often married even very young and sometimes even with older men. Sultana, a title which usually referred to female sultans relative to Westerners, does not exist in the Ottoman language. Nevertheless, westerners often translated their official title, sultan, to sultana, possibly to distinguish them from the Ottoman sovereign.
Example of imperial princesses (sultans)
Mihrimah Sultan (21 March 1522 – 25 January 1578), daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent. She was the most powerful imperial princess in Ottoman history and one of the prominent figures during the Sultanate of Women. Her ability and power, and her running of the affairs of the harem in the same manner as the sultan's mother, resulted in Mihrimah being referred to as Valide Sultan for Selim II, although she was not called by this title on any historical record. Fatma Sultan (1605/1606 – after 1667), daughter of Ahmed I. She was known for her many political marriages. Ayşe Sultan (2 November 1887 – 10 August 1960), daughter of Abdülhamid II. She was known for publishing her memoirs by the name of Babam Sultan Abdülhamid in 1960. Ayşe Gülnev Sultan (born 17 January 1971), great-great-great-granddaughter of Murad V. She is a director of property investment and development companies, and writes and researches historical pieces on Ottoman history.
Daughters of the Ottoman sultans This is a list of Ottoman princesses, the daughters of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. NameBirth date/placeParentsSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath date/place MotherFather Fatma Hatun ? unknown Osman I? Fatma Hatun? Asporça HatunOrhan? Hatice Hatun? unknownSüleyman Bey?Selçuk Hatun?Asporça Hatun? Nefise Hatun 1363 unknownMurad I Mehmed II of Karaman 1400 (aged 36–37) Hundi Hatun? unknownBayezid I Emir Sultan a daughter? Erhondu Hatun? unknown Yakub Bey Umur Bey?Fatma Hatun??Oruz Hatun? Olivera DespinaAyşe?a daughter? Olivera DespinaAbu Bakar Mirza?Paşa Melek Hatun? Olivera DespinaŞemseddin Mehmed? Selçuk Hatun 1407 Amasya or Merzifon, Ottoman Empire Kumru HatunMehmed I 25 October 1485 (aged 77–78) Bursa, Ottoman EmpireSultan Hatun?unknownDamat Kasim Bey (died 1464)1444Hatice Hatun?unknownDamat Karaca Pasha (died 10 November 1444)?Hafsa Hatun?unknownDamat Mahmud Bey (died January 1444)?İlaldi Hatun?unknownDamat Ibrahim II Bey (died 16 July 1464)?a daughter?unknownDamat Isa Bey (died 1437)?Ayşe Hatun?unknown?Sitti Hatun?unknown?a daughter?unknownDamat Alaattin Ali Bey?Erhundu Hatun?unknownMurad IIDamat Yakup Bey? Şehzade Hatun? unknown Beylerbeyi Sinan Bey 1480Fatma Hatun?unknown?Hatice Hatun?unknownDamat Isa Bey? Gevherhan Hatun 1454 Gülbahar HatunMehmed II Göde Ahmed 1513 Istanbul, Ottoman EmpireAyşe Hatun?unknownHasan Bey?Kemerhan Hatun?unknown?Fülane Hatun?unknown? Aynışah Sultan Amasya, Ottoman Empire Şirin HatunBayezid II Bursa, Ottoman EmpireHatice Sultan 1463 Amasya, Ottoman EmpireBülbül Hatun 1500 (aged 36–37) Bursa, Ottoman EmpireHundi Sultan 1464 Amasya, Ottoman EmpireBülbül Hatun 1511 (aged 46–47) Bursa, Ottoman Empire Ayşe Sultan 1465 Amasya, Ottoman Empire Nigar Hatun Güveyi Sinan Pasha 1515 (aged 49–50) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Hümaşah Sultan 1466 Amasya, Ottoman Empireunknownbefore 1520Bali Bey (adoptive)Ilaldi Sultan Amasya, Ottoman EmpireunknownHain Ahmed Pasha (aged 49–50)Gevhermüluk Sultan 1467 Amasya, Ottoman Empireunknown20 January 1550 (aged 82–83) Istanbul, Ottoman EmpireSofu Fatma Sultan 1468 Amasya, Ottoman EmpireNigar HatunBursa, after 1520Selçuk Sultan 1469 Amasya, Ottoman Empireunknown 1508 (aged 38–39) Sultanzade Sultanbefore 1474, Amasya Hüsnüşah Hatun?Şah Sultan1474 Amasyaafter 1506Kamerşah Sultan1476 AmasyaGülruh Hatunor1520 Costantinopleanother possible husbandŞahzade SultanAmasya, Ottoman Empireunknown1520 Fatma Sultan 1492 Trabzon, Ottoman Empire Hafsa SultanSelim I 1556 Istanbul, Ottoman Empiretwo daughters (disputed) Hatice Sultan before 1494 Trabzon, Ottoman Empire Hafsa Sultan Hanım Sultan 1543/44 Istanbul, Ottoman EmpireÇoban Mustafa Pasha Hafize Sultan1493 or before Trabzon, Ottoman EmpireHafsa Sultan?July 10, 1538 Costantinople Şah Sultan 1500 Manisa, Turkey Ayşe Hatun Esmehan Hanımsultan 1572 (aged 71–72) Istanbul, Turkey Beyhan Sultan 1497 Trabzon, Ottoman Empire Ayşe Hatun Esmihan Hanimsultan 1559 Istanbul, Ottoman EmpireGevherhan Sultan?unknown?Ahmed PashaŞahzade Sultan?unknownÇoban Mustafa PashaAyşe Hanimsultan?Yenişah Sultan?unknownKoca Sinan Pasha??Güzelce Mahmud PaşaKamerşah Sultan?unknown27 September 1503 in TrabzonHanim Sultan?unknownKoca Sinan Pasha??Güzelce Mahmud PaşaRaziye Sultan Istanbul, Ottoman EmpireunknownSuleiman I1520 (aged 2–3) Istanbul Mihrimah Sultan 1522 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Hurrem Sultan Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan Sultanzade Osman Bey 25 January 1578 (aged 55–56) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Şah Sultan 1543 Manisa, Ottoman Empire Nurbanu SultanSelim II 3 November 1577 (aged 32–33) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Gevherhan Sultan 1544 Manisa, Ottoman Empire 1622 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Ismihan Sultan 1545 Manisa, Ottoman Empire 8 August 1585 (aged 39–40) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Fatma Sultan 1559 Karaman Eyalet, Ottoman Empire unknown October 1580 (aged 20–21) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Hümaşah Sultan 1564 Manisa, Ottoman Empire Safiye SultanMurad III 1648 Istanbul, Ottoman EmpireSerdar Ferhad Pasha (m. 1591; died 1595) Ayşe Sultan 1565 Manisa, Ottoman Empire 15 May 1605 (aged 39–40) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Fatma Sultan 1573 Manisa, Ottoman Empire 7 March 1620 (aged 46–47) Istanbul, Ottoman Empire Mihrimah Sultan 1578 or 1579 Istanbul, Turkey Safiye Sultan? after 1625 Istanbul, TurkeyFahriye Sultan