This is the list of heads of state of Brazil, which brings together all monarchs and presidents who ruled over Brazil during all historical periods in the country's history.

Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)

House of Aviz

Brazil was discovered by Portuguese navigators on 22 April 1500 and became a Portuguese colony.

PortraitMonarchReignRoyal houseSuccession Reign start Reign end Duration Manuel I, the Grocer-King 22 April 1500 13 December 1521 Aviz Grandson of Edward IFirst cousin of John II John III, the Colonizer 13 December 1521 11 June 1557 Aviz Son of Manuel I Sebastian I, the Desired 11 June 1557 4 August 1578 Aviz Grandson of John III Henry I, the Chaste 4 August 1578 31 January 1580 Aviz Brother of John IIISon of Manuel IGreat-uncle of Sebastian I Anthony I, the Determined 24 July 1580 1583 Aviz Grandson of Manuel INephew of Henry I

House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg, known as the Philippine dynasty, was the house that ruled Portugal from 1580 to 1640. The dynasty started with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 by the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar. Philip I swore to rule Portugal as a kingdom separate from his Spanish domains, under the personal union known as the Iberian Union.

PortraitMonarchReignRoyal houseSuccession Reign start Reign end Duration Philip I, the Prudent 12 September 1580 13 September 1598 Habsburg Grandson of Manuel INephew of Henry I Philip II, the Pious 13 September 1598 31 March 1621 Habsburg Son of Philip I Philip III, the Oppressor 31 March 1621 1 December 1640 Habsburg Son of Philip II

House of Braganza

The House of Braganza, also known as the Brigantine dynasty, came to power in 1640, when John II, Duke of Braganza, claimed to be the rightful heir of the defunct House of Aviz, as he was the great-great-grandson of King Manuel I. John was proclaimed King John IV, and he deposed the House of Habsburg in the Portuguese Restoration War.

PortraitMonarchReignRoyal houseSuccession Reign start Reign end Duration John IV, the Restorer 1 December 1640 6 November 1656 Braganza Great-great-grandsonof Manuel I Afonso VI, the Victorious 6 November 1656 12 September 1683 Braganza Son of John IV Peter II, the Pacific 12 September 1683 9 December 1706 Braganza Brother of Afonso VISon of John IV John V, the Portuguese Sun-King 9 December 1706 31 July 1750 Braganza Son of Peter II Joseph I, the Reformer 31 July 1750 24 February 1777 Braganza Son of John V Peter III, the Builder 24 February 1777 25 May 1786 Braganza Brother of Joseph ISon of John VHusband of Maria I Maria I, the Pious 24 February 1777 16 December 1815 Braganza Daughter of Joseph I

Kingdom of Brazil (1815–1822)

The House of Braganza continued to rule over Brazil, and on 16 December 1815, the Prince Regent John, the future King John VI raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother, Maria I, the reigning queen, the first monarch of Brazil. The next year, on 20 March 1816, John VI succeeded his mother as king of the united Luso-Brazilian monarchy.

PortraitMonarchReignRoyal houseSuccession Reign start Reign end Duration Maria I, the Mad 16 December 1815 20 March 1816 () Braganza Daughter of Joseph I of Portugal John VI, the Clement 20 March 1816 7 September 1822 Braganza Son of Maria I of Portugal

Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)

The House of Braganza continued to rule over Brazil after Pedro I, son of John VI, was acclaimed the first Emperor of Brazil on 12 October 1822, having proclaimed the independence of Brazil from Portugal on 7 September 1822. He was later succeeded on 7 April 1831 by his son Pedro II, the last monarch of Brazil, who reigned for 58 years.

PortraitMonarchReignRoyal houseSuccession Reign start Reign end Duration Pedro I, the Liberator 12 October 1822 7 April 1831 Braganza Son of John VI of Portugal and BrazilTreaty of Rio de Janeiro Pedro II, the Magnanimous 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 Braganza Son of Pedro I of Brazil

First Republic (1889–1930)

Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca led a military coup d'état on 15 November 1889, which deposed Emperor Pedro II and extinguished the stable 74-year-old Brazilian monarchy. The parliamentary monarchy system was thus replaced by a presidential republic.

PortraitPresidentElectedTerm of officePolitical partyVice president Took office Left office Time in office 1 Deodoro da Fonseca 1891 15 November 1889 23 November 1891 None (military) Floriano Peixoto 2 Floriano Peixoto 1891 23 November 1891 15 November 1894 None (military) 3 Prudente de Morais 1894 15 November 1894 15 November 1898 4 years PR Federal Manuel Vitorino 4 Campos Sales 1898 15 November 1898 15 November 1902 4 years PRP Rosa e Silva5Rodrigues Alves190215 November 190215 November 19064 yearsPRP Silviano Brandão Afonso Pena 6 Afonso Pena 1906 15 November 1906 14 June 1909 PRM Nilo Peçanha 7 Nilo Peçanha 1906 14 June 1909 15 November 1910 PRF 8 Hermes da Fonseca 1910 15 November 1910 15 November 1914 4 years PRC Venceslau Brás 9 Venceslau Brás 1914 15 November 1914 15 November 1918 4 years PRM Urbano Santos — Rodrigues Alves 1918Never took office PRP Delfim Moreira 10 Delfim Moreira 1918 15 November 1918 28 July 1919 PRM11Epitácio Pessoa191928 July 191915 November 1922PRM Delfim Moreira Bueno de Paiva 12 Artur Bernardes 1922 15 November 1922 15 November 1926 4 years PRM Estácio Coimbra 13 Washington Luís 1926 15 November 1926 24 October 1930 PRP Melo Viana — Júlio Prestes 1930Never took office PRP Vital Soares

Vargas Era (1930–1946)

The Vargas Era, encompassing the Second Brazilian Republic and Third Brazilian Republic (Estado Novo), began following the Revolution of 1930. Washington Luís was deposed on 24 October 1930, and the Brazilian military junta took power. Getúlio Vargas assumed leadership of the junta on 3 November 1930.

PortraitPresidentElectedTerm of officePolitical partyVice president Took office Left officeTime in office— Tasso Fragoso —24 October 19303 November 1930None (military junta) Isaías de Noronha Mena Barreto 14 Getúlio Vargas 1934 3 November 1930 29 October 1945 None 15 José Linhares — 29 October 1945 31 January 1946 None

Fourth Republic (1946–1964)

The Fourth Brazilian Republic, or the Populist Republic, began after Vargas was deposed by a military coup in 1945. Nevertheless, Vargas would be elected president once again in 1950 until his later suicide, with his influence in Brazilian politics remaining until the end of the Fourth Republic.

PortraitPresidentElectedTerm of officePolitical partyVice president Took office Left office Time in office16Gaspar Dutra194531 January 194631 January 19515 yearsPSD Nereu Ramos 17 Getúlio Vargas 1950 31 January 1951 24 August 1954 PTB Café Filho 18 Café Filho 1950 24 August 1954 8 November 1955 PSP 19 Carlos Luz — 8 November 1955 11 November 1955 PSD 20 Nereu Ramos — 11 November 1955 31 January 1956 PSD 21 Juscelino Kubitschek 1955 31 January 1956 31 January 1961 5 years PSDJoão Goulart 22 Jânio Quadros 1960 31 January 1961 25 August 1961 PTN 23 Ranieri Mazzilli — 25 August 1961 7 September 1961 PSD 24 João Goulart 1960 7 September 1961 2 April 1964 PTB

Military Rule (1964–1985)

The Fourth Republic would end after a military coup in 1964. This coup brought a military regime to power in Brazil that was politically aligned with the interests of the US government.

PortraitPresidentElectedTerm of officePolitical partyVice president Took office Left office Time in office 25 Ranieri Mazzilli — 2 April 1964 15 April 1964 PSD 26 Castelo Branco 1964 15 April 1964 15 March 1967 None (military)ARENA (military) José Maria Alkmin 27 Costa e Silva 1966 15 March 1967 31 August 1969 ARENA (military) Pedro Aleixo — Pedro Aleixo 1966Never took office ARENA— Aurélio de Lira Tavares—31 August 196930 October 1969None (military junta) Augusto Rademaker Márcio de Sousa e Melo 28 Emílio Médici 1969 30 October 1969 15 March 1974 ARENA (military) Augusto Rademaker 29 Ernesto Geisel 1974 15 March 1974 15 March 1979 5 years ARENA (military) Adalberto Pereira 30 João Figueiredo 1978 15 March 1979 15 March 1985 6 years ARENAPDS Aureliano Chaves

Sixth Republic (1985–present)

The military dictatorship lasted 21 years, until 1985, when Neves was indirectly elected Brazil's first civilian president since the 1960 elections. Known also as the Sixth Brazilian Republic, or the New Republic, this is the contemporary epoch in the history of Brazil.

PortraitPresidentElectedTerm of officePolitical partyVice president Took office Left office Time in office — Tancredo Neves 1985Never took office PMDB José Sarney 31 José Sarney 1985 15 March 1985 15 March 1990 5 years PMDB 32 Fernando Collor 1989 15 March 1990 29 December 1992 PRN Itamar Franco 33 Itamar Franco 1989 29 December 1992 1 January 1995 PMDB 34 Fernando Henrique Cardoso 19941998 1 January 1995 1 January 2003 8 years PSDB Marco Maciel 35 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 20022006 1 January 2003 1 January 2011 8 years PT José Alencar 36 Dilma Rousseff 20102014 1 January 2011 31 August 2016 PT Michel Temer 37 Michel Temer 2014 31 August 2016 1 January 2019 MDB 38 Jair Bolsonaro 2018 1 January 2019 1 January 2023 4 years PSLIndependentPL Hamilton Mourão 39 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 2022 1 January 2023 Incumbent PT (FE Brasil) Geraldo Alckmin

Timeline

See also History of Brazil History of Portugal List of presidents of Brazil List of Brazilian consorts List of Portuguese monarchs First ladies and gentlemen of Brazil List of presidents of Brazil by time in office List of monarchs of Brazil List of Brazilian regents

Notes

References

External links Monarchs of Brazil (1815–1889)