COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

The COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to have reached Ethiopia on 13 March 2020. The national government, led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, declared a five-month state of emergency in April 2020 but has allowed economic activities to continue during the public health crisis.Ethiopia's unconventional COVID-19 response Arkebe Oqubay, World Economic Forum, 5 June 2020

Background On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019. The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll. Model-based simulations for Ethiopia indicate that the 95% confidence interval for the time-varying reproduction number R t has fluctuated around 0.8 since August 2021.Future scenarios of the healthcare burden of COVID-19 in low- or middle-income countries, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College London.

Official World Health Organization dashboard on COVID-19 in Ethiopia:

Timeline March 2020 On 13 March, the first coronavirus case was reported in the country and they were later identified as a Japanese citizen. The process of contact tracing is currently taking place, according to Lia Tadesse, the Health Minister of Ethiopia. Despite worsening situations in other countries, Ethiopia will not be enforcing a travel ban, with Tadesse stating that the virus is in 134 countries, and enforcing a travel ban will not work. On 15 March, three additional cases of the coronavirus were reported. The infected persons, one Ethiopian and two Japanese nationals, had contact with the individual who was reported to be infected by the virus on 13 March. On 16 March, a 34-year-old male Ethiopian who was said to have arrived from Dubai on 12 March 2020 tested positive for the virus. On 17 March, a British diplomat who arrived from Dubai tested positive for the virus. On 19 March, three more cases of the virus were confirmed. One is a 44-year-old Japanese national who had contact with the previously identified Japanese national. The second confirmed case is an 85-year-old Ethiopian who arrived in Ethiopia on 2 March. The third case is a 39-year-old Austrian national who arrived in Ethiopia on 15 March. On 22 March, two additional cases were reported. The first confirmed case is of a 28-year-old Ethiopian who had travelled to Belgium and arrived in Ethiopia on 14 March. The second case is a 34-year-old Ethiopian who had arrived from Dubai on 19 March. On 24 March, one additional case of the virus was reported. A 34-year-old Ethiopian who arrived from Dubai on 19 March tested positive for the virus. 15 people who are reported to have had contact with the individual are currently being monitored. On 27 March, four more cases of the virus were confirmed. The first case is of a 72-year-old Mauritian who had arrived from Congo Brazzaville on 14 March. The second case is of a 61-year-old individual from Adama in the Oromia Region with no prior travel history. The third case is of a 28-year-old Ethiopian national who traveled to Israel and arrived in Ethiopia on 21 March. The fourth case is a 24-year-old Ethiopian with no prior travel history. The case of this 24-year-old Ethiopian was later on announced to be a false-positive on 30 March 2020 after three follow up tests showed the patient to be negative. On 28 March, the Ministry of Health reported that one patient had fully recovered from the virus. On 29 March, five additional cases of the virus were reported. The first case is of a 28-year-old female Ethiopian who had travelled to Belgium and Cameroon on 17 and 19 March, respectively. The second and third cases are of a 14-year-old male and 48-year-old female from Adama who are members of the same family and had previous contact with an individual with the virus. The fourth and fifth cases are of a 38-year-old male and a 35-year-old female Ethiopians from Addis Ababa with both having a travel history to Dubai at different dates. One patient was also reported to have fully recovered, making the total number of recoveries two. On 30 March, the Prime Minister said in a statement that the total number of cases in the country had risen to 23. One of the cases was of a 32-year-old male Ethiopian who had arrived from the United States on 19 March. The second case was of a 37-year-old female Ethiopian who had arrived from United Arab Emirates on 21 March. Both individuals were from the Amhara Region. On 31 March, four cases of the virus were reported. The first two cases were of two male Ethiopians, 30 and 36 years old, who arrived from Dubai on 24 March. They were both placed under mandatory quarantine upon entry. The third case was of a 60-year-old female Ethiopian from Addis Ababa who arrived from France on 15 March. The fourth confirmed case is of a 42-year-old male Ethiopian from Dire Dawa who arrived from Australia on 18 March. By the end of the months there had been 26 confirmed cases, two recoveries and no deaths, leaving 24 active cases going into April.

April 2020 On 1 April, three more cases were reported. The first one is a 33-year-old female Ethiopian with a travel history to Djibouti, Brazil, India, and Congo Brazzaville. The second case is of a 26-year-old male Ethiopian with no travel history. The third case is of a 32-year-old male Ethiopian who had contact with a person with a confirmed case and was under isolation. On 2 April, one patient was reported to have fully recovered. On 3 April, six more cases of the virus were reported. Five of the cases were from Addis Ababa and two of them had travel histories to Dubai on different dates. The sixth case is a 33-year-old female Ethiopian from Dire Dawa who said to have had contact with the person who tested positive on 31 March. On 4 April, three additional cases of the virus were reported. All of the cases were from Addis Ababa. Two of the patients, 29-year-old and 34-year-old male Ethiopians, had travel histories to Dubai on different dates. The third case is of a 35-year-old female Ethiopian who had arrived from Sweden on 3 April. On the same date, one additional recovery was reported, increasing the total number of recoveries to 4. On 5 April, five more positive cases of the virus were reported. Three of them are Ethiopians. The other two are Libyan and Eritrean nationals. On the same date, the first deaths of patients from the coronavirus were reported. The first patient was a 60-year-old female Ethiopian with a travel history to France who tested positive for the virus on 31 March 2020. The second patient was a 56-year-old male Ethiopian with no travel history who was confirmed to have the virus on 3 April 2020. On 6 April, one case of the virus was reported. The case is of a 65-year-old female Ethiopian resident of Dukem with no travel history. On 7 April, eight more cases of the virus were reported. One of the infected persons is an Eritrean national and the remaining are Ethiopians. A 9-month-old baby is one of the cases, making it the youngest confirmed case so far. On 8 April, three cases of the virus were reported. Two of them are 29-year-old male Ethiopians with travel histories to Dubai. The other case is of a 36-year-old male Ethiopian from Addis Kidam in the Amhara region with no travel history. On 9 April, one case of the virus was reported. The case is of a 43-year-old Canadian with a travel history to Dubai and Canada. On 10 April, nine more cases of the virus were reported. Seven of them are Ethiopians and the others are Eritrean and Indian nationals. All of them had travel histories. On the same date, a death of one patient was reported. The patient was the 65-year-old woman from Dukem who tested positive for the virus on 6 April. On 11 April, four cases of the virus were reported. All of them are Ethiopians and three of them had travel histories. On the same date, six more recoveries were reported. On 12 April, two cases were reported. The first case is of a 24-year-old female Ethiopian who returned from Dubai before the mandatory quarantine rule was imposed on anyone entering the country. The second case is of a 35-year-old female Ethiopian who returned from Turkey and was under mandatory quarantine. On 13 April, three cases were reported. All of them are Ethiopians and had no travel histories. On the same date, four more recoveries were reported. On 14 April, eight more cases were reported. On 15 April, three cases were reported. All of them are Ethiopians. On the same date, one patient was reported to have fully recovered. On 16 April, seven more cases reported. All of them are Ethiopians and one of them had no travel history abroad. On 17 April, four cases were reported. All of them are Ethiopians. Two of them are from Addis Ababa and the other two are from the Amhara Region. On 18 April, nine cases were reported. Eight of them are Ethiopians and one is Equatoguinean. Of the Ethiopians, four are from Addis Ababa, three are from Dire Dawa and one is from Jimma. Three had no travel history but had known contact with someone with the virus. One person was reported to have fully recovered, bringing the total of those who have recovered to 16. On 19 April, three cases were reported. All of them are Ethiopians and live in Addis Ababa. One had no travel history and contact tracing is being conducted. On 20 April, three cases were reported. All of them are Ethiopians and live in Dire Dawa. One had no travel history but had known contact with someone with the virus. On 27 April, one case and nine newly recovered reported. The patient has travel history from United Kingdom and was in mandatory quarantine. By the end of the month there had been 105 new cases, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 131. The death toll was 3. The number of recovered patients increased to 59, leaving 69 active cases.

May 2020 During May there were 1041 cases, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 1172. The death toll rose to 11. The number of recovered patients increased to 209, leaving 952 active cases at the end of the month.

June 2020 In June, the government announced that it was postponing the 2020 general election due to the pandemic. On 11 June, the first confirmed case was reported in one of the four refugee camps in the north of the country, holding about 100,000 Eritreans living in crowded conditions. There were 4674 new cases in June, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 5846. The death toll rose to 103. The number of recovered patients increased to 2430, leaving 3313 active cases at the end of the month.

July to September 2020 On 18 July, the WHO stated that Ethiopia was one of ten African countries accounting for 88 percent of all reported COVID-19 cases in the African Region. In July there were 11,684 new cases, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 17,530. The death toll rose to 274. The number of recovered patients increased by 4,520 to 6,950. There were 10,306 active cases at the end of the month. As of 8 August, Ethiopia reported 22,253 confirmed COVID-19 cases compared to 13,248 on 25 July. The cumulative number of recoveries has reached 9,707, while the number of deaths has increased to 390. There were 34,601 new cases in August, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 52,131. The death toll nearly tripled to 809. There were 32,328 active cases at the end of the month.