The 110th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the Presidency of George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.Legislative Activities, via clerk.house.gov. Accessed April 25, 2009. Archived April 29, 2009.

The Democratic Party won a majority in both chambers, giving them full control of Congress for the first time since the 103rd Congress in 1993, which was also the previous time they controlled the House.

Officially in the Senate, there were 49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and two independents, but because both of the independents caucused with the Democrats, this gave the Democrats an operational majority. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections.CBS News, Voters Usher Out Republicans.

This is the most recent Congress to feature Republican senators from Minnesota (Norm Coleman), New Mexico (Pete Domenici) and Oregon (Gordon Smith), in which Domenici retired and the other two lost re-election at the end of the Congress.

Democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first female speaker of the House. The House also received the first Muslim (Keith Ellison)ruthholladay.com - Andre Carson on identity and belief DAWN (Newspaper) and Buddhist (Hank Johnson and Mazie Hirono) members of Congress.

Major events Members debated initiatives such as the Democrats' 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007.Leader Staff Dennis Kucinich's Response To President Bush's Speech January 11, 2007 Cleveland Leader. Retrieved January 13, 2007.

Support for the Iraq War Following President Bush's 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a troop surge to increase security in Iraq. The House of Representatives passed a non-binding measure opposing the surge and then a $124 billion emergency spending measure to fund the war, which included language that dictated troop levels and withdrawal schedules. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office. Both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief.

Other events

January 23, 2007: President Bush delivered the 2007 State of the Union Address August 2, 2007: The Republican minority disputed the results of a vote to recommit. This led to an investigation by the House Select Committee on Voting Irregularities. December 18, 2007: The Senate set a record for the most cloture votes.; ; January 2008: Start of the Great Recession January 28, 2008: President Bush delivered the 2008 State of the Union Address September 15, 2008: The 2008 financial crisis culminates in the Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. November 4, 2008: General elections - Democrats increased their congressional majorities and Senator Barack Obama was elected president.

Major legislation

Contents: Enacted Pending or failed Vetoed These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills.

Enacted

February 2, 2007– House Page Board Revision Act of 2007, , May 25, 2007– U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007, , , including Title VIII: Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, June 14, 2007– Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007, , July 26, 2007– Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, , August 3, 2007– Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, , August 5, 2007 — Protect America Act of 2007, , August 9, 2007 --- America COMPETES Act, Pub.L. 110-69 September 14, 2007– Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, , September 20, 2007 --- Native American $1 Coin Act, Pub.L. 110-82 September 27, 2007 --- Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-85 November 8, 2007– Water Resources Development Act of 2007, , (Veto overridden) December 19, 2007– Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, , December 20, 2007 --- Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-142 December 31, 2007 --- OPEN Government Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-175 January 28, 2008 --- National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Pub.L. 110-181 February 13, 2008 — Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, , April 9, 2008 --- Second Chance Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-199 April 24, 2008 --- Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-204 May 8, 2008 --- Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-229 May 21, 2008– Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, , May 22, 2008– Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 (2007 Farm Bill), , (Veto overridden) June 18, 2008 --- Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-246 (Veto overridden) June 20, 2008 --- Federal Food Donation Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-247 June 30, 2008– Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, , , including Title V: Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 ("G.I. Bill 2008") July 10, 2008 — FISA Amendments Act of 2008, , July 15, 2008 --- Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-275 (Veto overridden) July 29, 2008– Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE (Junta's Anti-Democratic Efforts) Act of 2008, , July 29, 2008 --- Clean Boating Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-288 July 30, 2008– Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, , August 14, 2008 --- Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, Pub.L. 110-314 September 25, 2008 --- ADA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-325

October 3, 2008 — Public Law 110-343 (), , including: Div. A: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, ; Div. B: Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008; and Div. C: Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008 October 7, 2008 --- Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-351 October 8. 2008 --- India-United States Civil Nuclear Agreement, Pub.L. 110-369 October 13, 2008 --- PRO-IP Act, Pub.L. 110-403 October 13, 2008 --- Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-407 October 15, 2008 — : Setting the beginning of the first session of the 111th Congress and the date for counting Electoral College votes, October 16, 2008 --- Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-432 December 2, 2008 --- Civil Rights Act of 1964 Commemorative Coin Act, Pub.L. 110-451 December 19, 2008 — : A Saxbe fix, reducing the compensation and other emoluments attached to the office of Secretary of State to that which was in effect on January 1, 2007: allowing Hillary Clinton to serve as Secretary of State despite the Ineligibility Clause of the United States Constitution. December 23, 2008 --- America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-456 December 23, 2008 --- Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act, Pub.L. 110-459

More information: Public Laws for the 110th Congress and Complete index of Public and Private Laws for 110th Congress at GPO

Proposed, but not enacted :in (alphabetical order) America's Climate Security Act of 2007 Auto Industry Financing and Restructuring Act Community Broadband Bill Community Choice Act Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2007 Employee Free Choice Act Employment Non-Discrimination Act Executive Branch Reform Act of 2007 FAIR USE Act Family and Consumer Choice Act of 2007 Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act of 2007 Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007 Homeowner's Defense Act IDEA Fairness Restoration Act Internet Radio Equality Act Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act of 2007 Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007 Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007 Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2007 New Energy Reform Act of 2008 No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act Patent Reform Act of 2007 Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008 Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act of 2007 State Children's Health Insurance Program State Secrets Protection Act Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007 Vetoed Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, ) Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, ) Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act () Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007 () Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 ()

: an earlier version of National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 : an earlier version of U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007

Treaties ratified 110-1: Land-Based Sources Protocol to Cartagena Convention (September 25, 2008) 110-2: Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks (December 7, 2007) 110-3: Tax Convention with Belgium (December 14, 2007) 110-4: International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (September 25, 2008) 110-6: Amendment to Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (September 25, 2008) 110-8: Protocols of 2005 to the Convention concerning Safety of Maritime Navigation and to the Protocol concerning Safety of Fixed Platforms on the Continental Shelf (September 25, 2008) 110-9: Protocol of Amendments to Convention on International Hydrographic Organization (July 21, 2008) 110-11: Extradition Treaty with Romania and Protocol to the Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters with Romania (September 23, 2008) 110-12: Extradition Treaty with Bulgaria and an Agreement on Certain Aspects of Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters with Bulgaria (September 23, 2008) 110-13: International Convention on Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001 (September 26, 2008) 110-14: International Convention Against Doping in Sport (July 21, 2008) 110-15: Protocol Amending 1980 Tax Convention with Canada (September 23, 2008) 110-16: Amendments to the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992) (September 25, 2008) 110-17: Tax Convention with Iceland (September 23, 2008) 110-18: Tax Convention with Bulgaria with Proposed Protocol of Amendment (September 23, 2008) 110-20: Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on Accession of Albania and Croatia (September 25, 2008)

Select committees

Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming House Select Committee on the Voting Irregularities of August 2, 2007

Hearings

Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy hearings - (House and Senate Judiciary Committees)

Party summary

Senate

Membership changed with one death and two resignations.

Affiliation Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) Total   Democratic Independent(caucusing withDemocrats) Republican Vacant End of previous Congress 44 1 55 100 0 Begin 49 2Senators of the 110th Congress "Lieberman, Joseph I." United States Senate. Retrieved January 8, 2007. 49 100 0 June 4, 2007 48 99 1 June 25, 2007 49 100 0 December 18, 2007 48 99 1 December 31, 2007 49 100 0 November 16, 2008 48 99 1 Final voting share 50.5% 49.5% Beginning of the next Congress 55 2 41 98 2

House of Representatives

Membership fluctuated with seven deaths and eight resignations. Democrats achieved a net gain of three seats as a result of their victories in special elections. See Changes in membership, below.