Vermillion is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Charles W. Vermillion, a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from 1923 to 1927 Iris Vermillion (born 1960), German operatic mezzo-soprano Laurel Vermillion, American educator and academic administrator
Texas Jack Vermillion (1842–1911), American Old West gunfighter Joseph Vermillion, American lynched in 1889