This is a list of emeralds by size.
Emeralds Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most emeralds are highly included, so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate.
Emeralds in antiquity were mined in Egypt at locations on Mount Smaragdus since 1500 BCE, and India, and Austria since at least the 14th century CE. The Egyptian mines were exploited on an industrial scale by the Roman and Byzantine Empires, and later by Islamic conquerors. Mining ceased with the discovery of the Colombian deposits; only ruins remain."Romans organized the mines as a multinational business..." Finlay, Victoria. Jewels: A Secret History (Kindle Location 3098). Random House Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.
Colombia is historically an important producer of emeralds, constituting 50–95% of the world production, with the number depending on the year, source and grade.Carrillo, V. (2001). Compilación y análisis de la información geológica referente a la explotación esmeraldífera en Colombia. Informe de contrato 124. INGEOMINAS Emerald production in Colombia has increased drastically in the last decade, increasing by 78% from 2000 to 2010. The three main emerald mining areas in Colombia are Muzo, Coscuez and Chivor.Emerald Mining Areas in Colombia , with location map of these three districts. Rare "trapiche" emeralds are found in Colombia, distinguished by ray-like spokes of dark impurities.
Zambia is the world's second biggest producer, with the Kagem emerald mine being the world's largest responsible for 25–30% of the world's production of gem-quality stones. In 2019, the Kagem emerald mine produced 42.4 million carats of emeralds. The Zambian emerald sector is an important contributor of tax revenue to the Zambian government.
Zambian emeralds were formed over 500 million years ago; they are geologically much older than emeralds from other origins. As a result, they differ in their formation, composition and key features. Zambian emeralds get their intense green colour from the presence of chromium, iron and beryllium, and they are often lacking in vanadium, resulting in a bluish-green, lively and often eye-clean emerald.
Notable emeralds Emerald OriginDate Uncut sizeCut size LocationRefImboo EmeraldZambia2025Chipembele Emerald2021Israel Diamond Exchange, Eshed – GemstarInkalamu Emerald2018Private CollectorInsofu Emerald2010Jewellery brandBahia EmeraldBrazil2001 Los Angeles County Sheriff's DepartmentCarolina EmperorUnited States2009 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, RaleighChalk EmeraldColombia National Museum of Natural History, WashingtonDuke of Devonshire Emerald Natural History Museum, LondonEmerald of Saint Louis Austria National Museum of Natural History, ParisGachalá Emerald Colombia1967 National Museum of Natural History, WashingtonMogul Mughal Emerald Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, QatarPatricia Emerald1920 American Museum of Natural History, New YorkMim Emerald 2014 Mim Museum, Beirut
See also List of gold nuggets by size List of sapphires by size List of individual gemstones
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