List of Holocaust survivors

The people on this list are or were survivors of Nazi Germany's attempt to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe before and during World War II in the Holocaust. A state-enforced persecution of Jewish people in Nazi-controlled Europe lasted from the introduction of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935 to Hitler's defeat in 1945. Although there were many victims of the Holocaust, the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims (ICHEIC) defines a Holocaust survivor as, "Any Jew who lived for any period of time in a country that was ruled by the Nazis or their allies." The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) gives a broader definition: "The Museum honors as a survivor any person who was displaced, persecuted, and/or discriminated against by the racial, religious, ethnic, social, and/or political policies of the Nazis and their allies between 1933 and 1945. In addition to former inmates of concentration camps and ghettos, this includes refugees and people in hiding." Most notably, as well as Jewish people, this includes Poles, Romani people, Jehovah's Witnesses and those who were persecuted for political reasons such as Communists, those who were persecuted for religious reasons (such as Pastor Niemöller), and homosexuals and those of other sexual orientations. It includes those who were actually in hiding in Nazi-occupied countries. The latter includes Hidden Children, who were hidden to escape the Nazis.

Most especially, in contrast to the ICHEIC definition, it includes refugees, who fled from their homeland to escape the Nazis, and never lived in a Nazi-controlled country.

The ICHEIC definition was created for the purpose of resolving some insurance claims. Over time, the classes of insurance claims have greatly expanded.

This list does not include refugees, since it is created on the basis of the restricted ICHEIC definition. Refugees include the unaccompanied children of the Kindertransport and the unaccompanied One Thousand Children.

Actors, actresses and directors

Living NameSexBirthCountryPolanski, RomanMPoland/France

Deceased NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountryClary, RobertMFranceHuber, LottiFGermanyLanghoff, WolfgangMGermanyLe Beau, BettinaFBelgiumLowens, CurtMPolandLustig, BrankoMCroatiaPitt, IngridFPolandPosner, RuthFPolandPravda, Hana MariaFCzechoslovakiaRegnier, CharlesMGermanySernas, JacquesMLithuaniaVon Ruffin, KurtMGermany

Artists, painters, and photographers

Living NameSexBirthCountryBacon, YehudaMCzech RepublicBak, SamuelMPolandBerman, HelenFNetherlandsSelinger, ShelomoMPoland/France

Deceased NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountryAron, KalmanMLatviaBabbitt, DinaFCzechoslovakiaBreger, HelenFAustriaBullaty, SonjaFCzechoslovakiaBurešová, Charlotta FNovember 4, 19041983 (aged 78–79)CzechoslovakiaKoczy, RosemarieFPolandLieblich, IreneFPolandLok Cahana, AliceFHungaryMichelson, FridaFLatvia/IsraelMušič, ZoranMSlovenia/YugoslaviaNassy, JosefMBelgium/Netherlands/SurinameOlère, DavidMPolandSzapocznikow, AlinaFPolandTarkay, ItzchakMSerbia/YugoslaviaTerna, FredMCzechoslovakiaTibor, AlfredMHungary

Humanities

Living NameSexBirth(age)CountryHershaft, AlexMPoland

Deceased NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountryAran, LydiaFLithuaniaBäumer, Angelica FJanuary 13, 1932July 18, 2025 (aged 93)AustriaBettelheim, BrunoMAustriaBuergenthal, ThomasMCzechoslovakiaFackenheim, EmilMGermanyFeuerwerker, AntoinetteFBelgiumKlüger, RuthFAustriaSendler, IrenaFPolandSzondi, PéterMHungaryWahl, JeanMFrance

Literature, memoirs and publishing

Living NameSexBirth (age)CountryAuerbacher, IngeFGermanyBegley, LouisMUkraine/USSRBirenbaum, HalinaFSeptember 15, 1929PolandBoraks-Nemetz, LillianF1933 (age 92-93)PolandBlitz Konig, Nanette FNetherlandsBlumenthal, EllaFPolandBolle-Levie, MirjamFNetherlands Bruck, EdithFHungaryHersh, ArekMPolandLevitin, SoniaFGermanyLobel, AnitaFPolandRothstein, RomaFPolandZisblatt, IreneFHungary

Deceased NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountryAbraham, BenMPolandAdler, H. G.MCzechoslovakiaAlbreht, FranMSloveniaAlbreht, VeraFSloveniaAméry, JeanMAustriaAppleman-Jurman, AliciaFPolandArendt, HannahFGermanyAuerbakh, RokhlFPolandd'Ayen, SolangeFFranceBalas, EdithFRomaniaBeck, GadMGermanyBlatt, ThomasMPolandBlumenthal-Weiss, IlseFGermanyBoom, Cornelia "Corrie" tenFNetherlandsBorowski, TadeuszMUkraine/USSRBrady, GeorgeMCzechoslovakiaBretholz, LeoMAustriaCelan, PaulMRomaniaChillag, JohnMAustriaClare, GeorgeMGreat BritainCohn, MartheFApril 13, 1920May 21, 2025 (aged 105)FranceDagan, Bat-ShevaFPolandDebreczeni, JózsefMHungaryDe-Nur, YehielMPolandDelbo, CharlotteFFranceDeutschkron, IngeFGermanyEbert, LilyFHungaryEdvardson, CordeliaFGermanyFaber, DavidMPolandFeldhendler, LeonMPolandFénelon, FaniaFFranceFrank, OttoMGermanyFrankl, VictorMAustriaFriedberg, BernardMAustriaFriedenson, JosephMApril 1922PolandFriedländer, VeraFGermanyFrister, RomanMPolandGlazar, RichardMCzechoslovakiaGolde, HenryMPolandGoldman, YosefMHungaryGray, MartinMPolandHeller, FanyaFUkraineHerzberger, MagdaFRomaniaHeumann, MargotFGermanyHollander, EugeneMHungaryJaku, EddieM Germany/AustraliaJaranyi, ElizabethF Hungary/United StatesJedwab-Rozenberg, LenaF Poland/FranceKertész, ImreMHungaryKlein, GerdaFPolandKlemperer, VictorMGermanyKlíma, IvanMCzechoslovakiaKomski, JanMPolandKosinski, JerzyMPolandKralj, VladimirMSlovenia/YugoslaviaLengyel, OlgaFRomaniaLevi, PrimoMItalyLeyson, LeonMPolandLustig, ArnoštMCzechoslovakiaMannheimer, MaxMCzechoslovakiaMaxwell, RobertMCzechoslovakiaMüller, FilipMCzechoslovakiaOrenstein, HenryMPolandÖrkény, István MHungaryØverland, ArnulfMNorwayPagis, DanMRomaniaPahor, BorisMSlovenia/ItalyPick-Goslar, HannahFNetherlandsPółtawska, WandaFPolandPrežihov, VorancMSlovenia/YugoslaviaRabinovici, SchoschanaFFranceRadasky, SolomonMPolandReich-Ranicki, MarcelMGermanyRoth, EmerichMCzechoslovakiaSachs, NellyFGermanySalier, EvaFGermanySchloss, EvaFAustriaSemprún, JorgeMSpainSobolewicz, TadeuszMPolandSpiegelman, VladekMPolandStaner, MieczysławMPolandTorkar, IgorMSloveniaWachstein, SoniaFAustriaWinter, MiriamFPolandZoltan-Zinn, CollisMCzechoslovakiaZsolt, BélaMHungary

Mathematics and natural sciences

Living NamesSexBirth (age)CountryHoffmann, RoaldMPolandReisfeld, RenataFPolandWilchek, MeirMPoland

Deceased NameSexBirth (age)Death (age)CountryAdelsberger, LucieFGermanyAnders, EdwardMLatvia/United StatesButter, IreneFDecember 11, 1930October 2, 2026 (aged 95)Germany/United StatesCharpak, GeorgesMFranceEitinger, LeoMNorwayEnglert, FrançoisMBelgiumFrank, OttoMGermanyGoldschmidt, VictorMSwitzerlandGrothendieck, AlexanderMGermanyHeilman, AnnaFDecember 1, 1928 May 1, 2011 (aged 83)PolandKahneman, DanielMFranceKohn, WalterMClary, David C. (2024). Walter Kohn: From Kindertransport and Internment to DFT and the Nobel Prize, World Scientific Publishing.AustriaLipschutz Yevick, Miriam FAugust 28, 1924BelgiumLevi-Montalcini, RitaFItalyLibrescu, LiviuMRomaniaMandel, ErnestMGermanyMorgentaler, HenryMPolandNussbaum, A. EdwardMGermanyPhilippson, AlfredMGermanyReichental, TomiMJune 1935May 2026 (aged 90)CzechoslovakiaShahak, IsraelMPolandŚlebodziński, WładysławMPolandTanay, EmanuelMPolandTouschek, BrunoMAustriaTrachtenberg, JakowMOctober 26, 1951 (aged 63)Russia, USSRTurán, PálMHungaryWarfman, RoseFSwitzerland

Military

Deceased

NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountryAcevedo, AnthonyMUnited StatesEgge, BjørnMNorwayFriedman, TuviahMPolandKowalski, JózefMPolandPechersky, AlexanderMUkraine, USSRPilecki, WitoldMPolandRosenfeld, SimjonMUSSRRubin, TiborMHungaryShaltiel, DavidMGermanyThau, CharlesMPolandWiesenthal, SimonMAustriaWillner, EddieMGermany

Music

Living NameSexBirth (age)CountryBen-Or, NellyFPolandLasker-Wallfisch, AnitaFGermany

Deceased NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountryAnčerl, KarelMCzechoslovakiaArnič, BlažMSloveniaBéjarano, EstherFGermanyCarmeli, BorisMPolandFénelon, FaniaFFranceFilar, MarianMPolandGraham, BillMGermanyHerz-Sommer, AliceF CzechoslovakiaKarp, NataliaFPolandReiner, KarelMCzechoslovakiaRoman, MartinMGermanyRůžičková, ZuzanaFCzechoslovakiaSchreyer, AlfredMUkraineSchumann, Heinz Jakob "Coco"MGermanySzpilman, WładysławMPolandVogel, EricMCzechoslovakia

Politics, activism, resistance

Living NamesSexBirth (age)CountryLevy, Anne SkoreckiFPolandSchwab, George David MLatvia/United StatesSegre, LilianaFItalyZylbersztajn-Tzur, StellaFPoland

Deceased NameSexBirth (age)Death (age)CountryKozak, MarionFDecember 22, 1934 May 27, 2026 (aged 91)Poland/United KingdomBartoszewski, WładysławMPolandBlum, LéonMFranceBratteli, TrygveMNorwayBurack, ZahavaFPolandCyrankiewicz, JózefMPolandDraxler, LudwigMAustriaEpstein, HedyFGermany/United StatesGeremek, BronisławMPolandGerhardsen, EinarMNorwayGoldman, Alter MojzeMPoland, FranceHeilman, AnnaFPolandKossak-Szczucka, ZofiaFPolandLantos, TomMHungaryNansen, OddMNorwayNielsen, MartinMDenmarkRogerie, AndréMFranceRubin, AnatolyMUSSR, IsraelSchumacher, KurtMGermanyŠik, OtaMCzechoslovakiaSrebrnik, SimonMPolandVeil, SimoneFFranceVrba, RudolfMCzechoslovakiaWeiss, ShevahMPolandWetzler, AlfrédMCzechoslovakia

Speakers and researchers of the Holocaust

Living NameSexBirthCountryBaker, ElseFGermanyGutter, PinchasMPolandHart-Moxon, KittyFPolandKolinka, GinetteFFranceKlarsfeld, SergeMRomaniaLeipciger, NateM 28 February 1928 (age 98) PolandNussbaum, LaureenFGermany Orosz-Richt, AngelaFHungaryPollack, SusanFHungary

Deceased NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountryBan, NoémiFHungaryBiterman, TaubaFPolandEngel-Wijnberg, SelmaFNetherlandsEvers-Emden, BloemeFNetherlandsFainer, BenMPolandFischl, PeterMHungaryFoxman, AbrahamMMay 1, 1940 May 10, 2026 (aged 86)Belarus/USSRFrankenthal, HansMGermanyFriedländer, MargotFGermanyGelissen, RenaFPolandGinsburg, LeonMPoland/United StatesGlauben, MaxMJanuary 14, 1928Poland/United StatesGorath, KarlMGermanyGreenman, LeonMGreat Britain/NetherlandsHerskovic, WilliamMHungaryKanitz, MiklosMHungaryKramer, ClaraFPolandMandelbaum, HenrykMPolandMandelbaum, JackMPolandMosberg, EdwardMJanuary 6, 1926PolandNomberg-Przytyk, SaraFCanadaPerel, SolomonMGermanyPfefferberg, LeopoldMPolandPlywaski, WalterMPolandRiteman, PhilipMPolandRosensaft, JosefMPolandRubin, TiborMHungarySchelvis, Jules MNetherlandsSeel, PierreMFranceShipper, ZigiMPolandSpiegel, PaulMGermanyȚucărman, IancuMRomaniaVestermanis, MarģersMLatvianWiesel, ElieMRomaniaWolanski, SabinaFPoland

Sports

Living NameSexBirth (age)CountrySportLadany, ShaulMYugoslaviaRacewalking; 2-time Olympian. World record in 50-mile walk, Israeli national record in 50-kilometer walk. World champion in 100-kilometer walk. 5 Maccabiah Games gold medals.Tausz Rónai, NoraFItaly, BrazilProfessor of descriptive geometry, began competing internationally as a Masters swimmer in 1993, has won 13 gold medals and has broken both national and regional records for her age group.

Deceased NameSexBirthDeath (age)CountrySportArouch, SalamoMGreece & IsraelBoxing; the Middleweight Champion of Greece Epstein, KurtMCzechoslovakiaWater polo; Olympic player (1928 and 1936)Erbstein, Ernő EgriMHungaryAssociation football; Serie A champion as manager of Torino F.C (1948–49)Guth, AlfredMAustria/United StatesAmerican water polo player; swimmer; Olympic modern pentathleteHelfgott, BenMPoland/Great BritainWeightlifting; 3x British champion (lightweight) weightlifter, 3x Maccabiah championKeleti, ÁgnesFHungaryGymnasticsKleinová, Gertrude "Traute"FCzechoslovakiaTable tennis; 3-time world championde Levie, ElkaFNetherlandsGymnastics; Olympic champion (1928)Nakache, Alfred "Artem"MFranceSwimming; world record, one-third of French 2x world recordSláma, MiroslavMCzechoslovakiaIce hockey; Olympic medalist (1948)

Theology, spirituality, religion

Living NameSexBirth (age)CountryLau, YisraelMPoland

Deceased