The Ottoman Empire's embassies were first established in the 1830s.Kuneralp, Sinan. "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917." In: Criss, Nur Bilge, Selçuk Esenbel, Tony Greenwood, and Louis Mazzari (editors). American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989 (EBSCO Ebook Academic Collection). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 12 July 2011. , 9781443832601. Start: p. 100. CITED: p. 100.

In 1870 the first permanent Ottoman diplomatic mission opened in London. The Ottoman Empire began classifying missions as great embassies, as legations/first class embassies, second class embassies, and third class embassies, beginning in 1886.İhsanoğlu, Ekmeleddin. History of the Ottoman State, society & civilisation: Vol. 1. IRCICA, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, 2001. , 9789290630531. p. 343. "Changes which were initiated in 1886 divided Ottoman embassies into four categories." - View #2: "second class embassies in Washington and Montenegro[...]The Berlin legation was opened in 1837,[...] View #3: in Stockholm in 1898,[...]The Ottoman state opened its final embassy in 1918 in the capital of the Ukrainian Republic founded after the Russian Revolution. Following the unification of Italy, the embassies in the capital[...]"

Europe Austria-Hungary Vienna – Classified as a "great" embassy Belgium Brussels – Classified as a third class embassy Denmark Copenhagen – Opened in 1917 France Paris – Classified as a "great" embassy Germany Berlin – The legation began in 1837 with embassy status in 1874 Greece Athens – Classified as a "legation" or a "first class embassy" Italy Rome – A single embassy for Italy was established upon the Unification of Italy Montenegro Çetine – Classified as a third class embassy, opened in 1880 Kingdom of Romania Bucharest – Classified as a "legation" or a "first class embassy", opened in 1878 Russian Empire Saint Petersburg – The legation opened in 1857 with embassy status in 1873 Kingdom of Sardinia Turin – Closed upon the unification of Italy Serbia Belgrade – Opened in 1879 Kingdom of Sicily Palermo – Closed upon the unification of Italy Sweden Stockholm – Opened in 1898 Switzerland Bern – Opened in 1915 United Kingdom London – Classified as a "great" embassy Ukrainian People's Republic Kyiv – This opened in 1918 and was the last Ottoman embassy to open.

North America

United States Washington, D.C. (Embassy) – Classified as a "second class embassy". The empire sent its first envoy in 1867. It was designated as an embassy in 1912.Turkish Yearbook of International Relations. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Munasebetler Enstitüsü, 2000. (head book says 2000/2 Special Issue of Turkish-American Relations. Issue 31, Page 13. p. 13. "[...] at the head of the Washington mission which was raised to Embassy level in 1912,[...]" In 1917 diplomatic relations ended.Kuneralp, Sinan. "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917." In: Criss, Nur Bilge, Selçuk Esenbel, Tony Greenwood, and Louis Mazzari (editors). American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989 (EBSCO Ebook Academic Collection). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 12 July 2011. , 9781443832601. Start: p. 100. CITED: p. 103. New York City (Consulate-General) – Established after the 1880s to monitor anti-Ottoman activity.Kuneralp, Sinan. "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917." In: Criss, Nur Bilge, Selçuk Esenbel, Tony Greenwood, and Louis Mazzari (editors). American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989 (EBSCO Ebook Academic Collection). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 12 July 2011. , 9781443832601. Start: p. 100. CITED: p. 106. Boston (Consulate-General) – Established in 1910 so the Ottomans could surveil Armenians in the U.S.Kuneralp, Sinan. "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917." In: Criss, Nur Bilge, Selçuk Esenbel, Tony Greenwood, and Louis Mazzari (editors). American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989 (EBSCO Ebook Academic Collection). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 12 July 2011. , 9781443832601. Start: p. 100. CITED: p. 107.

South America BrazilTemel, Mehmet. "Osmanli Arşiv Kaynaklarina Göre XIX. VE XX. Yuzyilin başlarinda Osmanli-Brezilya ilişkileri" [Ottoman–Brazilian Relations in the 19th Century and in the Beginning of the 20th, According to Ottoman Archival Sources], Belleten-Türk Tarih Kurumu 68:251 (2004). Abstract. (Archive) Rio de Janeiro (Embassy) São Paulo

See also Ottoman Empire Ministry of Foreign Affairs

References