Below is a list of leaders of present-day Turkmenistan since the establishment of Turkmen SSR in 1925. List of khans
Reign Ruler1709–1722Shahrukh Biy1722–1734Abd al-Rahim Biy1734–1751Abd al-Karim Biy1751–1752Irdana Biy (1st Reign)1752–1753Baba Biy1753–1769Irdana Biy (2nd Reign)1769–1770Sulayman Biy1770–1799Narbuta Biy1799–1811Alim Khan1811–1822Muhammad Umar Khan1822–1842Muhammad Ali Khan1842–1844Shir Ali Khan1844Murad Beg Khan 1844–1852Muhammad Khudayar Khan (1st Reign)Mingbashi Musulmonqul (Regent for Khudayar Khan)1852–1858Muhammad Khudayar Khan (2nd Reign)1858–1862Muhammad Mallya Beg Khan 1862Shah Murad Khan 1862–1863Muhammad Khudayar Khan (3rd Reign) 1863–1865Sultan Sayyid Khan (puppet of Alimqul)1865Bil Bahchi Khan1865–1875Muhammad Khudayar Khan (4th Reign)1875Nasruddin Khan (1st Reign) 1875Muhammad Pulad Beg Khan 1876 Nasruddin Khan (2nd Reign)
Sources: Khans of Yomud Turkmen (in Gasan-Kuli) 1836 - 1843 Kiyat Niyaz Khan (b. c.1762 - d. 1843) 1843 - af.1871 Kadyr Muhammad Khan (b. c.1798 - d. 18..) Khans of Merv Tekke Turkmen (in Merv) (Tokhtamish division, the largest one having precedence over the other two) 1855 - 1878 Kouchud Khan (b. 1823 – d. 1878) c.1879 Baba Khan (1st time) (d. af.1885) c.1880 Kajar Khan (d. af.1884) c.1881 Baba Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) Apr 1881 - 1882 Makhdum Kuli Khan (b. 1854 – d. 1924) 1882 - Jan 1884 Mohamed Yusuf Khan (b. c.1863 – d. 1919) 1882 - Jan 1884 Guljemal Khanim (f) (b. 1836 – d. 1919) (de facto regent for Mohamed Yusuf Khan) Khans of Akhal Tekke Turkmen (in Geok-Tepe, near Ashkhabad) 1855 - 5 May 1880 Nurberdi Khan (b. 1830 - d. 1880) 5 May 1880 - Jan 1881 Makhdum Kuli Khan Governors-General of Turkestan Heads (from 1901, Military governors) of Tanscaspian (Zakaspiyskaya) oblast (subordinated to commanders-in-chief of Caucasus 1881-1898; from 7 Jan 1898, to the governors-general of Russian Turkestan Kray) 18 May 1881 - 3 Apr 1883 Pyotr Fyodorovich Rerberg (b. 1835 - d. 1912) 3 Apr 1883 - 8 Apr 1890 Aleksandr Vissarionovich Komarov (b. 1830 - d. 1904) *8 Apr 1890 - 13 Jan 1898 Aleksey Nikolayevich Kuropatkin (b. 1848 - d. 1925) 31 Oct 1898 - 1901 Andrey Andreyevich Bogolyubov (b. 1841 - d. 1909) 23 Apr 1901 - 27 Dec 1902 Dean Ivanovich Subbotich (b. 1852 - d. 1920) (= Dejan Subotić) 27 Dec 1902 - 18 Dec 1905 Yevgeniy Yevgeniyevich Usakovskiy (b. 1851 - d. 1935) 18 Dec 1905 - 23 Feb 1908 Vladimir Andreyevich Kosagovskiy (b. 1857 - d. 1918) 23 Feb 1908 - 26 Dec 1910 Mikhail Dmitriyevich Yevreyinov (b. 1851 - d. 1910) 14 Jan 1911 - 2 Nov 1912 Fyodor Aleksandrovich Shostak (b. 1853 - d. 1912) 28 Jan 1913 - Aug 1916 Leonid Vilgelmovich Lesh (b. 1862 - d. 1934) Aug 1916 - 1917 Nikolay Klavdiyevich Kolmakov (b. 1858 - d. 19..) (acting)
The governorate-general was administered by a series of military generals appointed by the Tsar. Name Tenure Military Rank Konstantin von Kaufman 1867–1882 Engineer-General Mikhail Chernyayev 1882–1884 Lieutenant General Nikolai Rozenbakh 1884–1889 General of Infantry Alexander Vrevsky 1889–1898 Lieutenant General / General of Infantry Sergei Dukhovskoi 1898–1901 General of Infantry Nikolai Ivanov 1901–1904 Lieutenant General Nikolai Tevyashev 1904–1905 General of Cavalry Dejan Subotić 1905–1906 Lieutenant General Nikolai Grodekov 1906–1908 General of Infantry Pavel Mishchenko 1908–1909 General of Artillery Alexander Samsonov 1909–1914 General of Cavalry Fedor Martson 1914–1916 General of Infantry Aleksey Kuropatkin 1916–1917 General of Infantry
Government Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev Mustafa Shokay
Transcaspian Government Ashkhabad Committee On 14 July 1918 The Ashkhabad Executive Committee was founded by Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries following their successful revolt against the Bolsheviks of Tashkent. This committee took the name of the Trans Caspian Provisional Government in November 1918, but is generally referred to as the Transcaspian Government.The British Intervention in Transcaspia, 1918-1919 by C. H. Ellis, University of California Press, 1963 p27
The initial leadership consisted of: Fyodor Funtikov, Socialist Revolutionary worker, President Vladimir Dhokov, railway worker D. Kurilov, railway worker L. A. Zimen, school teacher and orientalist, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Chairmen Chairmen of the Transcaspian (Zakaspiyskaya) Oblast Provisional Executive Committee 14 Jul 1918 – 1 Jan 1919 Fyodor Andrianovich Funtikov (b. 1875 - d. 1926) PSR (from Nov 1918, also chairman of the Transcaspian Oblast Provisional Government) Aug 1918 - Oct 1918 L. Kurylev (b. 18.. - d. 1919) PSR (acting for absent Funtikov) 2 Jan 1919 - Mar 1919 (First) Transcaspian Oblast Public Safety Committee [three members as recorded on 7 Jan 1919] - A.G. Belov - Semyon L'vovich Druzhkin (d. 1919?) - Lev Aleksandrovich Zimin (b. 1886 - d. 1920) PSR Mar 1919 - 8 Aug 1919 (Second) Transcaspian Oblast Public Safety Committee [three members as recorded on 5 Apr 1919] - D.A. Akimov - Anton Yevgrafovich Kruten' (b. 1861 - d. 19..) Mil - Lev Aleksandrovich Zimin (s.a.) PSR - the two below reportedly added after 5 Apr 1919 - - Khadzhi Murat (b. 1889 - d. 1937) Mil - Oraz Serdar (b. 1871
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
Kobozev, Pyotr Alekseevich (April – May 1918), Solkin, Andrey Fedorovich, contributor (April – 2 June 1918) Tobolin, Ivan Osipovich (2 June – 5 October 1918) Votintsev, Vsevolod Dmitrievich (October 1918 – 19 January 1919) – (19 January – 31 March 1919) Kazakov, Aristarkh Andreevich (31 March – July 1919) Kobozev, Pyotr Alekseevich (July – September 1919) Apin, Ivan Andreevich (September 1919 – January 1920) Ryskulov, Turar Ryskulovich (January – 21 July 1920) Biserov, Mukhammedzhan (21 July – August 1920) Rakhimbaev, Abdullo Rakhimbaevich (4 August 1920 – May 1921), Khodzhanov Sultanbek, acting, prev. (12 May 1920 – ?) Tyuryakulov, Nazir Tyuryakulovich (May 1921 – June 1922) Rakhimbaev, Abdullo Rakhimbaevich (June – October 1922) Khidir-Aliev, Inagadzhan (October 1922 – 1 January 1924), Dadabaev Butabay, vrid. prev. (August – September 1923) Aytakov, Nedirbai (9 January – November 1924)
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars ("Turksovnarkom"). Initial dateFinal dateName15 November 1917 November 1918 Fyodor Kolesov November 1918 19 January 1919 Vladislav Figelskiy (ru)19 January 1919 31 March 1919 Post vacant31 March 1919 12 September 1919 Karp Sorokin (ru)12 September 1919 March 1920 Turksovnarkom defunctMarch 1920 May 1920 Jānis RudzutaksMay 1920 September 1920 Isidor Lubimov19 September 1920 October 1922 Kaikhaziz AtabayevOctober 1922 12 January 1924 Turar Ryskulov12 January 1924 27 October 1924 Sharustam Islamov (ru)
Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1925–1991)
First Secretaries of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan PictureNameTook officeLeft officePolitical partyFirst Secretary1Ivan Mezhlauk (1891–1938)19 November 19241926 CPT/CPSU2Shaymardan Ibragimov (1899–1957)June 19261927 CPT/CPSU3Nikolay Paskutsky (1894–1938)19271928 CPT/CPSU4Grigory Aronshtam (1893–1938)11 May 1928August 1930 CPT/CPSU5Yakov Popok (1894–1938)August 193015 April 1937 CPT/CPSU6Anna Mukhamedov (1900–1938)April 1937October 1937 CPT/CPSU7Yakov Chubin (1893–1956)October 1937November 1939 CPT/CPSU8Mikhail Fonin (1905–1974)November 1939March 1947 CPT/CPSU9Shadzha Batyrov (1908–1965)March 1947July 1951 CPT/CPSU10Sukhan Babyev (1910–1995)July 195114 December 1958 CPT/CPSU11Dzhuma Durdy Karayev (1910–1960)14 December 19584 May 1960 CPT/CPSU12Balysh Ovezov (1915–1975)13 June 196024 December 1969 CPT/CPSU13 Muhammetnazar Gapurow
(1922–1999)24 December 196921 December 1985 CPT/CPSU14Saparmurat Niyazov
(1940–2006)21 December 198516 December 1991CPT/CPSU
Second Secretaries PictureNameTook officeLeft officePolitical partySecond Secretary-Anna Mukhammedov (1900–1938)3 March 1935October 1937CPT/CPSU-Allaberdy Berdyev (1904–1964)16 July 1938 20 August 1940CPT/CPSU-Kurban Permanov(1909–1969)28 November 194117 February 1945CPT/CPSU-Shadzha Batyrov (1908–1965)November 1945July 1947CPT/CPSU-Arkady Sennikov (1908–1974)July 194710 September 1953CPT/CPSU-Polikarp Dolgov (1910–1989)10 September 1953 14 February 1954CPT/CPSU-Fyedor Grishaenkov (1914–1983)14 February 195413 June 1960CPT/CPSU-Mikhail Pimenov (born 1914, death date unknown)13 June 196025 March 1963CPT/CPSU-Vasily Rykov (1918–2011)25 March 196314 April 1975 CPT/CPSU-Viktor Pereudin (1923–2001)14 April 1975 20 December 1980CPT/CPSU-Albert Rachkov (1927–2023)20 December 198026 July 1986CPT/CPSU-Sergei Nesterenko (born 1935)26 July 19861991CPT/CPSU-Alexander Dodonov (1946–2018)19911991CPT/CPSU
Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee Gaygysyz Atabayev (October 1924 – December 1924) Nedirbay Aytakov (December 1920 – February 1925)
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee Nedirbay Aytakov (20 February 1925 – 21 July 1937) Batyr Ataýew (acting) (August 1937 – October 1937) Hyvaly Babaýew (October 1937 – 24 July 1938)
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Allaberdi Berdiyev (24 July 1938 – 27 July 1938)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Hyvaly Babayev (27 July 1938 – 1941) Allaberdy Berdyev (1941 – 6 March 1948) Akmamed Saryyev (6 March 1948 – 30 March 1959) Nurberdi Bayramov (30 March 1959 – 26 March 1963) Annamuhamet Gylyjow (26 March 1963 – 15 December 1978) Bally Ýazgulyýevyç Ýazgulyýew (15 December 1978 – 13 August 1988) Roza Atamuradovna Bazarova (13 August 1988 – 19 January 1990)
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Saparmurat Niyazov (19 January 1990 – 2 November 1990)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers Gaygysyz Atabayev (20 February 1925 – 8 July 1937) Aýtbaý Hudaýbergenov (October 1937 – 17 October 1945) Suhan Babayev (17 October 1945 – 14 July 1951) Balysh Ovezov (14 July 1951 – 14 January 1958) Jumadurdy Karayev (14 January 1958 – 20 January 1959) Balysh Ovezov (20 January 1959 – 13 June 1960) (13 June 1960 – 26 March 1963) Muhammetnazar Gapurow (26 March 1963 – 25 December 1969) Oraz Orazmuhammedow (25 December 1969 – 17 December 1975) (17 December 1975 – 15 December 1978) (15 December 1978 – 26 March 1985) Saparmurat Niyazov (26 March 1985 – 4 January 1986) (4 January 1986 – 17 November 1989) Han Ahmedow (5 December 1989 – 27 October 1991)
Turkmenistan (1990–present)
Political parties
Other affiliations
Status
Symbols Term extension referendum
Died in office
PortraitNameElectedTerm of officePolitical party Took office Left office Time in office 1Saparmurat Niyazov(1940–2006) 19902 November 199021 December 2006 CPT1992DPT 2Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow(born 1957) —21 December 200614 February 2007 DPT2007201214 February 200719 March 2022 2017Independent 3 Serdar Berdimuhamedow(born 1981) 2022 19 March 2022 Incumbent DPT
Timeline
National Leader On 21 January 2023, President Serdar Berdimuhamedow appointed his father, former President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, chairman of the People's Council of Turkmenistan with the title "National Leader" ().
Chairmen Chairmen of the Transcaspian Oblast Council of People's Commissars 18 Dec 1917 - 12 Jan 1918 Vladislav Nikonovich RSDRP-B 12 Jan 1918 - Feb 1918 Boris Ilyich Tuzin (1st time) (b. 1893 – d. 1918) RSDRP-B Feb 1918 - Apr 1918 Zinoviy Isayevich Pechatnikov (b. 1882 – d.af.1935)PLSR Apr 1918 - 18 May 1918 Boris Ilyich Tuzin (2nd time) (s.a.) RKP (acting) May 1918 - 12 Jul 1918 Vissarion Tadiozovich Teliya (b. 18.. - d. 1918) SSRM
Allied (British) Occupation 1918-1919
Commander of the British "Malleson" Military Mission to Turkestan (MALMISS)(at Mashad) 16 Jul 1918 - May 1920 Wilfrid Malleson (U.K.) (b. 1866 - d. 1946) Mil Political Officer of British Military Mission to Turkestan at Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) 3 Aug 1918 - 14 Apr 1919 Reginald Teague-Jones (U.K.) (b. 1889 - d. 1988) Mil (= Ronald Sinclair)
Prime Minister of Turkmenistan №PortraitName (Born-Died)Took officeLeft officePolitical party1Gaygysyz Atabayev (1887–1938)20 February 19258 July 1937Communist2Aýtbaý Hudaýbergenov (1906–1995)October 193717 October 1945Communist3Suhan Babayev